Slight tangent to the OP but it has been mentioned in PP - there are more subtle and practical motherhood penalties than not being able to take a job role because of planned mat leave, people saying only take 2/3 weeks, that almost assumes a woman can work up to her due date and not go (up to 2 weeks) overdue.
I had a fairly physical job and couldn’t go beyond 37 weeks, i may have been forced to go sooner due to SPD but managed to limp to the end. You could easily use 5-6w plus mat leave before baby even arrives. Add on 6 after for a caesarean. That’s not to mention time off for antenatal visits before the birth and potentially adaptations to pump milk afterwards if you come back early. I have known women try to hide/play down these things because as soon as your pregnancy becomes noticeable, there is a shift in perception so however focussed you are and however soon you plan to be back at your desk, other people write you of as an inconvenience. They don’t offer you a promotion after one child because they anticipate the second. Even childless women are subconsciously discriminated against for the perception that they are the right age and stage to have a baby soon, whatever their plans.
I have also found a motherhood penalty in terms of poorer pension contributions, interest going up on my student loan while I’ve been off (DH meanwhile has paid his off) no break or reduction for professional fees or costly cpd requirements (I noticed this was reduced for covid but not for mothers).
You definitely can’t have it all, and I feel that although having a child is a joint venture - women bear most of the physical, financial and career burden. I think if you are married and see everything as joint income (pension etc) and you want to be home with your kids, then within the existing framework you can be content with your lot.
However for those women who really want or need to advance their career and earnings, to feel penalised by parenthood and particularly watching potentially less qualified, less motivated coworkers leapfrogging you because they have a wife at home doing all the child rearing, must be jarring.