I taught my children how to keep on top of their rooms from an early age.
Now they are teenagers, they do it themselves without much prompting. May not be exactly to my standards, but good enough.
No food or drink (apart from a sports bottle of water) are allowed in their rooms.
I remind in the morning when I'm doing laundry that they should have anything they want washed in the basket.
They strip and change beds when they want new bedding. DS sometimes needs reminding, but DD does it pretty much weekly.
They put their own clothes away. We wash/dry/fold for them, so it only seems fair! I'd be really cross if they threw clean clothes on the floor as that's really disrespectful.
I hoover their rooms/empty bins/basic clean of surfaces once a week, and warn them the day before. If there is stuff on the floor or the surfaces then I won't do it and they have to do it themselves (and I enforce that) so its in their interest to make sure surfaces are clear.
They often don't make their beds, or leave piles of school books on the floor/bed, but it all gets sorted in a day or so, and in general their rooms are tidy. Because the rooms are cleaned weekly, nothing gets damaged or dirty to the point of being unhygenic.
I've taught them this since they were little. We probably had a bit of whinging and push back at around 9-11 age, but by the time they'd reached their teens they'd got a good grasp of how to manage their own spaces and stay organised and clean and tidy. Don't really have a problem with it at all now - they self manage with the odd reminder.
I should probably get them to do their own cleaning/laundry now their older - but our system works, and they are deep in exam years (and are good kids who work hard generally) so I'm happy to keep doing it for now!