Food poisoning pathogens...
Campylobacter jejuni (commonly from undercooked - e.g. badly barbecued - chicken) 2-5 days to onset of symptoms
Salmonella enteritidis (chicken, eggs) 6 hours-6 days
Clostridium perfringens (beef, poultry) 6-24 hours
Clostridium botulinum (tinned foods) 18-36 hours, wouldn't typically cause diarrhoea and would probably have killed you
Vibrio cholerae (contaminated water, shellfish) 1-4 days, you would definitely know if you had cholera as your rear end would resemble an industrial muck-spreader with no off switch
Escherichia coli (meat, raw vegetables, unpasteurized milk, contaminated water) 3-4 days
Listeria monocytogenes (unpasteurized milk/cheese, raw vegetables, deli meats/patés) 1-4 weeks
Norovirus (anything handled by anyone who has - or has been in contact with someone who has - norovirus) 12-48 hours; similar for rotavirus, although this mainly affects small children as everybody else will have been infected by it during childhood
It would usually be called food poisoning if it has rapid onset due to presence of bacterial/viral toxins in the food before it's eaten, and gastroenteritis if it has slower onset due to colonization of part of the gastrointestinal tract by ingested bacteria/viruses. However, this isn't a hard & fast rule and gastroenteritis may be referred to as a form of food poisoning.
Food poisoning is a notifiable disease in the UK, and doctors are required to inform the local authority if they treat a patient with it. Because most people with mild gastroenteritis wouldn't seek medical attention, it is usually only more severe cases that are notified. Most gastro-intestinal infections have obviously been picked up from another person (family member or ill person in your care) rather than from food.
You should call the hotel because it probably has either a source of contaminated food or an employee carrying an infection. Do it in the spirit of helping them to avoid a repeat rather than of threatening to sue or go to the press.