I had student loans (and a tiny grant in my first year) at university pre-1997, they weren’t a Labour thing, the Tories got rid of grants. (As PP said, grants weren’t going to be sustainable as more people went to university).
Re your main point, I think we all struggle to see things holistically and we tend to focus on things we understand - or think we do.
Personally I don’t think the older generation has a better understanding of the EU but because they remember a time before it they think they know more.
You only have to read threads on here to see how differently people prioritise when they decide who to vote for. Some literally don’t think beyond ‘me and my family’. Others have a hazy concept of ‘the country’, ‘the economy’, without linking those concepts to everyday reality. Others have fairly fixed beliefs about, for example, taxation, the extent to which govt should regulate/intervene, the free market - one of the reasons some voters are struggling to vote for their usual party in this election I think, as both Conservative and Labour manifestos are crap/problematic for different reasons - and are unlikely to change this overall view. Some voters, unfortunately, are in the ‘leopards ate my face’ category and will vote based on wanting to blame and punish others. This is the demographic that is such easy prey for the Mail, Express, etc.
Perhaps if you tried to talk to your father from a more nuanced perspective you’d get through. Instead of accusing him of being wrong, try to discuss politics in a more general way. People are often relieved when someone who supports a different party agrees with them about something. It fosters dialogue and understanding which can only be a good thing! Otherwise we get these polarised conversations which degenerate into swapping blame and insults, which help nobody.
I do think YANBU but don’t give up! In my family we vote for at least three different parties and we can all talk
about politics and get along. It’s healthy to discuss this stuff.