It was one of the most remarkable periods in United States history, especially given the moon program's extraordinary cost and technical difficulty. Here are the major events on the road to the Apollo 11 moon landing — along with some significant moments in history along
1957:
• Oct. 4: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik, the first artificial satellite.
1958:
• Jan. 31: Explorer 1, the first U.S. satellite, is launched; discovers Van Allen radiation belts.
• July 29: The National Aeronautics and Space Act is signed, creating the civilian space agency.
• Oct. 7: NASA starts the Mercury program, leading to development of one-man space capsules designed to prove humans can live and work in space.
1959:
• Jan. 3: Alaska becomes the 49th state.
• Jan. 4: The Soviet Union's Luna 1 becomes the first spacecraft to reach the moon's vicinity.
• Feb. 16: Fidel Castro becomes prime minister of Cuba.
• April 9: Seven astronauts are selected for the Mercury program: Alan Shepard, Virgil "Gus" Grissom, John Glenn, Scott Carpenter, Wally Schirra, Gordon Cooper and Donald "Deke" Slayton.
• December: NASA begins development of Saturn rockets.

America's first astronauts
1960:
• July: Apollo is selected as the name for NASA's advanced manned space flight program.
• Nov. 8: John F. Kennedy elected president of the United States.
1961:
• April 12: Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes first man in space.
• April 17: Bay of Pigs invasion.
• May 5: Alan Shepard becomes the first American in space.
• May 25: President John F. Kennedy proposes landing astronauts on the moon before the end of the decade: "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth."
1962:
• Feb. 20: John Glenn becomes the first American to orbit the Earth.
• July: In a crucial milestone, NASA officials approve lunar orbit rendezvous as the technique that will be used for manned moon flights. Under this scheme, two spacecraft will be launched to the moon. Once in lunar orbit, one will descend to the surface and later rejoin the other for the trip back to Earth. This concept evolves into the three-man Apollo capsule and lunar landing module.
• Sept. 12: JFK speech at Rice University: "We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard."
• Oct. 16-28: Cuban missile crisis.
1963:
• Aug. 28: Martin Luther King gives "I have a dream" speech at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington.
• September: JFK urges space cooperation with Soviet Union. Premier Nikita Khrushchev does not respond.
• Nov. 16: JFK visits Cape Canaveral for the final time and comes away with renewed enthusiasm for the Apollo program.
• Nov. 22: JFK assassinated in Dallas. Lyndon Johnson sworn in as president.

German rocket pioneer Werner Von Braun and John F. Kennedy during the president's final visit to Cape Canaveral.
NASA
1964:
• May: A Saturn 1 rocket blasts off on first flight of "dummy" Apollo spacecraft.
• July 2: Civil Rights Act signed by President Johnson.
• Nov. 28: Mariner 4 launched; first spacecraft to image Mars.
1965:
• March 7-25: Civil rights marches in Selma, Alabama.
• March 18: Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov carries out the first spacewalk.
• March 23: Virgil "Gus" Grissom and John Young take off in the first flight of a two-man Gemini capsule. The Gemini program was developed to perfect orbital rendezvous and spacewalk techniques needed by the Apollo program.
• Aug. 6: Voting Rights Act signed by President Johnson.
1966:
• Feb. 26: First launch of the Saturn 1-B rocket carrying an unmanned Apollo spacecraft.
• March 16: Astronauts Neil Armstrong and David Scott are launched aboard Gemini 8; the flight is aborted early because of a thruster malfunction.
• July 18: Astronaut Michael Collins blasts off aboard Gemini 10; Collins completes two spacewalks.
• Sept. 8: "Star Trek" debuts.
• Nov. 11: Astronaut Buzz Aldrin takes off with James Lovell aboard Gemini 12 and carries out three spacewalks.

50 years of stunning spacewalks
1967:
• Jan. 15: First Super Bowl.
• Jan. 27: Apollo 1 launch pad fire kills astronauts Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee.
• Feb. 10: 25th Amendment adopted, outlining rules for presidential succession.
• Nov. 9: The first flight of a Saturn 5 rocket is successful.

The Apollo 1 crew – Roger Chaffee, left, Ed White, center, and Gus Grissom – were killed in a launch pad fire that led to a redesign of Apollo command modules.
NASA
1968:
• April 2: "2001: A Space Odyssey" premiers in Washington DC
• April 4: Martin Luther King assassinated in Memphis.
• April 11: Civil Rights Act of 1968 enacted.
• Oct. 11: Astronauts Wally Schirra, Walter Cunningham and Donn Eisele are launched on the first manned test flight of the Apollo spacecraft, Apollo 7.
• Nov. 5: Richard Nixon elected president.
• Dec. 21: Astronauts Frank Borman, James Lovell and William Anders orbit the moon during the Apollo 8 mission, the first manned flight of a Saturn 5 rocket and only the second mission in the Apollo program.
1969:
• March 3: Astronauts James McDivitt, Russell Schweickart and David Scott test the lunar module in Earth orbit during the Apollo 9 mission.
• May 18: Astronauts Thomas Stafford, Eugene Cernan and John Young test the lunar module in orbit around the moon during the Apollo 10 mission.
• July 16: Astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first humans to walk on another planet during the Apollo 11 mission. Crewmate Michael Collins remains behind in lunar orbit aboard the Apollo 11 command module.
• Aug. 15-18: Woodstock music festival.
• Oct. 29: First electronic message exchange with ARPANET, the foundation of the internet.
• Nov. 14: Astronauts Pete Conrad, Alan Bean and Richard Gordon blast off aboard Apollo 12, kicking off the second piloted lunar landing mission.