It's mostly catchment where we are. We are very rural. But increasingly it's getting harder.
When DD started at her school (she's now in Year 4) there were 2 classes, in two classrooms.
The children that left last year (so 3 years older than DD) had only 4 kids in their year. DD was part of the biggest intake they'd ever had - 14 kids. Which is now standard. Still small, but clearly you can't put Years 3 to 6 into one class and one classroom like they used to. What caused this?
Most of our villages are tiny. One street with outlying houses, mostly on farms. There is one big one, not quite big enough for a town, but it has a chemist, post office, local shop (no doctors or dentist though) etc. And a school. Right in the middle. They have built 2 new housing estates on the edge of the village in the last 5 years. Family friendly. Families have moved in. Surprise surprise, the kids need to go to school. Only the school hasn't expanded, it can't, there isn't anywhere to expand into. So people putting this as their first choice, even if they live in catchment, might not get it. There simply isn't space owing to the complete lack of joined up thinking about housing, the people you want to live in these houses and the other facilities they may need.
So several of the children in DD's class come from this village. Which means our school has expanded. We now have four classes. They have built into the attic to make one extra classroom, and taken away a chunk of playground to make a second extra one. There is now nowhere else to go, unless we leave the kids with no outside space at all (there is space around the village but as the school is in the middle - church behind, road in front, farm opposite - unless you plan on buying land away down the road and walking the kids backwards and forwards...). So it is plausible that in a few years time either all kids from Big Village go miles and miles away, past our village, to another school. Or kids from Big Village go to our school, a few miles away from where they live, while kids from our village then travel a few miles again, to the other school.
Does that make sense? So far, no-one has been turned away from our school. But we are coming to the end of the tiny year groups as my DDs lot, the start of the bigger intakes, progress up the school. If any houses go up around us (and they are saying we need to build a certain number - rules handed down from county - what happens then?
It's not a deliberately crazy system I don't think. It was originally, and should still be, based on catchment. It's just the way other things have happened around it (mainly house building) to create crazy situations.