This is psychological abuse.
You are dealing with possible jealousy, an instinct to control, the desire to isolate you/keep you in a certain sphere away from public interaction, and a rigid concept of gender roles. All of these elements are big red flags, along with the added element of him wanting you to remain financially dependent on him.
He is unreasonable and controlling and trying to undermine you.
Do not try to argue with him. You are dealing with someone who is engaged in a power struggle with you. You will only get verbal abuse, accusations and unfair insinuations from him, plus criticism of you as a mother (child not taken to school by parents, for example)...
Tell him you are sorry he feels that way, every single time he starts objecting to your plans.
Stand your ground. Take up your job. Put money away for yourself.
If he keeps up the abuse, and of course if it becomes more - silent treatment, sulking, deliberate sabotage (your clothes ruined, shoes lost, papers thrown out, laptop damaged, little dramas engineered by him cropping up to prevent you from prepping for the next day, crises that he manufactures that occupy your attention or make you late, sabotaging birth control, for example) go to counselling for yourself.