Hmm. A few different strands here I think. Let's try and disentangle them.
First, Maugrim, you're a nervous flier and you miss your children. That's all quite understandable, but the reason you want to speak to them is about you and not about them.
Second, your DH has said that it's upsetting for the children. Clearly this isn't good.
Third, it's a view that's been reached by your DH and his parents. That's also not good! Do they disapprove of you being away? Are you being judged by them, as 'one of those career women'?
Fourth, you feel like you're being punished for being away. This sounds like a continuation of point 3. Which is also not good! My DH used to do this - I did a lot of longhaul travelling when the DC were little, and it was painful to talk to him on the phone, as all he did was complain about things while I was away - making it painfully obvious that he hated me being away, so he was trying to make me feel bad.
Only you can make a judgement about what's really going on here, and who is reasonable/unreasonable. But the one thing I'd really advise you to be careful about is ringing your DC because it's about you.