Where to start.
Firstly this oft professed shit that dogs live in the moment only and have no concept of past and future.
How can anyone who has ever actually lived with a dog say this is true. You wouldn't be able to train them if this was true.
Secondly there is an important difference between dominating your dog and having them live in fear of you. I object to you making pp feel like she has caused her dog to fear her by shouting at it or excluding it socially.
Thirdly. Where they sleep etc definitely does make a difference to behaviour in some dogs. I could give you endless examples from previous experience of behavioural problems, ranging from aggression, excessive barking, unreliable recall and couple busting, being solved by not letting the dog up on the furniture.
Fourthly discipline is not the same as abuse.
When you are teaching a dog to do tricks you use only positive reinforcement.
That does not mean that you do not punish them if they do something really bad such as run in the road or snap at children.
Have you seen a bitch with her litter?
My dog is far from scared of me, unless she is in heat I don't use a lead.
She is road trained and will walk at heel or middle distance depending.
She will wait outside a shop for me off the lead ( so I don't stop existing to her once I'm in the shop)
She would not take any food left lying around.
She is not perfect, when she thinks I'm not looking she sneaks up on the seats.
I absolutely agree with what you said about rescue centres and these pricks who try and turn dogs aggressive.
You would honestly not believe some of the pathetic creatures I have taken on. Some utter wanker who seemed to think his dog was an ashtray after months of retraining was pts because of internal injuries 
For the record if my dog growled when I went near her food, I would take it away.