I think you’re talking about Herbology for their Biology, Neville’s best subject.
Transfiguration would be their equivalent of Physics I think, as it’s sort of to do with forces etc.
Quidditch is, of course, PE.
Divination would be a reverse History, although they also had History of Magic.
Arithmancy would be like Maths as it’s the study of magical properties of numbers.
The Study of Ancient Runes is their version of languages, as runes is an old way of wizard writing.
Care of Magical Creatures may be like Childcare.
Muggle Studies might be like Social studies.
Not sure what Charms or Defence Against the Dark Arts would be equivalent to though.
I wonder if there was a magical Home Economics where they learnt household spells? Possibly taught by a house elf.