The 'reasonable excuses' in the legislation specifically refer to people who cannot put on, wear or remove a face covering because of a disability within the meaning of section 6 of the Equality Act 2010. Also to those accompanying or providing assistance to someone who relies on lipreading.
www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2020/791/regulation/4
The explanatory memorandum that accompanies this legislation states:
7.6 Exemptions from this requirement exist for members of the public with a “reasonable excuse” for not wearing a face covering. A non-exhaustive list of circumstances in which a person has a reasonable excuse is set out in regulation 4, and generally relate to medical and equalities grounds. ... Nobody who has a reasonable excuse as set out in regulation 4 and is therefore not wearing a face covering should be prevented from visiting a shop or supermarket or other setting covered by these Regulations.
And also:
12.2 The Department has considered the fact that some people may be deterred from visiting the relevant settings where these Regulations apply due to them being required to wear a face covering either because they cannot source a suitable face covering or they have protected characteristics (e.g. a disability) which makes it difficult to wear a face covering ... The Department has also included a range of exemptions to ensure that this policy does not unfairly discriminate against those with protected characteristics. Furthermore, the policy will be supported by a communications campaign that will make clear that some people are exempt from these regulations and people should not be challenged by members of the public for not wearing a face covering. (my bold)
www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2020/791/memorandum/contents
So it's very clear that the government intends the exemptions to function, in part, as a reasonable adjustment to prevent unfair discrimination against disabled people.
The government guidance on face coverings says:
If you have an age, health or disability reason for not wearing a face covering:
- you do not routinely need to show any written evidence of this
- you do not need show an exemption card
This means that you do not need to seek advice or request a letter from a medical professional about your reason for not wearing a face covering.
However, some people may feel more comfortable showing something that says they do not have to wear a face covering. This could be in the form of an exemption card, badge or even a home-made sign.
Carrying an exemption card or badge is a personal choice and is not required by law.
www.gov.uk/government/publications/face-coverings-when-to-wear-one-and-how-to-make-your-own/face-coverings-when-to-wear-one-and-how-to-make-your-own#exemptions
The government guidance for shops says:
Some people don’t have to wear a face covering including for health, age or equality reasons.
Customers are permitted to remove face coverings for the purposes of identification or when speaking with people who rely on lip reading, facial expressions and clear sound for communication.
Some people don’t have to wear a face covering including for health, age or equality reasons. No one who is exempt from wearing a face covering should be denied entry if they are not wearing one.
www.gov.uk/guidance/working-safely-during-coronavirus-covid-19/shops-and-branches#shops-6-2
The Cabinet Office have issued further guidance on face covering exemptions to supermarkets. The guidance says:
4: Once an individual has said they are not able to/exempt, you must take their word and allow them to continue. A verbal confirmation alone is enough. You must not ask for proof of their medical exemption and it is not essential they show any form of exemption card at any point. (their emphasis)
www.frylaw.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/guidance_for_face_covering_exemptions.pdf
What is that people are still failing to understand?