History and collective social traumas.
America was founded by many puritans who had been persecuted by European states for their beliefs.
This particular split with Europe as you ended up with many of the most conservative religious groups establishing in the US and crucially due to being isolated by distances being able to maintain those same traditions throughout the centuries without being watered down by changing society.
Puritan values often centred around the idea that hard work is righteous and gods way. And that idleness lead to straying away from gods path. Add in the necessity for hard work in a pioneering lifestyle particularly in later waves of immigration and the movement of people westward due to population growth and shortages of land in Europe (which brought huge amounts of poverty and hardship) and the mentality of not tolerating people percieved to be lazy makes a bit more sense. The american dream of leaving the crapness of Europe (or later other countries around the world) in search of opportunities - usually associated with availability of land and you have the American dream. (on this note, you are now getting notions of how Americans want to protect their own opportunities - prevent immigration - just as availability of land is starting to constrict).
Independence centres around still being unable to assert their right to self determination and taxation without representation is central to this and encapsulated how the state was still controlling them in a tyrannical way. Those who moved prior to independence already felt that they had to do so because they were no afforded religious freedom so when King George started to try to tax their hard work without benefit to them nor even a voice it didn't go down well. So taxation is associated with State Tyranny and control.
Enter the Constitution which identified these conflicts and due to its written form and how central it is to American Identity has been reinforced in the centries since.
The first article is about the formation of the state but also makes a big point about the limitations of power of the state to prevent interference in people's lives (freedom from the state).
Article 2 is largely about the concept of creating a balance of power where the three pillars of democracy provide checks and balances in the limitation of power - the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. One of the biggest fears around socialism is how this isnt present. If you look at communism there isn't a balancing of power. If you look at corrupt states in south America and beyond which have practised socialism you have a similar pattern. So anyone who has emigrated from these places has a certain idea of how 'unamerican' they are. Its only really in post war western europe that socialism has done well and hasn't over stepped that line in the same way. And that in itself is a product of the trauma of war and how the vulnerable in Europe were exploited / dehumanised. America didn't go through this collective trauma so doesn't value these ideas in the same way. Western European socialist tends to be notable in how it does include the three pillars of democracy but i think there is something of an American ignorance / arrogance which centres around independence and the instilled believe of throwing off the oppression of Europes tyranny and the perception remains that Western Europe didnt change in the intervening years.
Then you get the amendments. The first 10 all relate to the trauma of independence of the us. The right of freedom of speech and religion and the right to bear arms are the very first two. And if you look above about why American was founded they make a lot of sense. They have endured because of how the constitution and history of the country were intertwined. They encoded certain fears into the very fabric of the state.
You then get the trauma of the civil war and 13th Amendment which abolishes slavery and for many with this 'work hard' mentality there is little understanding of how despite having freedom those with slave ancestry have somehow 'failed' to thrive economically. (Structurial inequality doesn't feature in the constitution). The concept of racism doesnt properly feature for another 100 years and the civil rights movement . So again you've somehow got this legacy and enduring tropes of 'laziness' in the black community (despite all the evidence which was quite to the contrary) because of the way in which thinking was established.
Fast forward to the 18th Amendment and prohibition of alcohol. Again something could only really come out of puritan thinking which frowned on alcohol being sinful. That one didn't work out so well.
So for all the notions about the separation of church and state, the USA has always been deeply caught up in its religious foundations and never escaped that. Its always amused me that despite the supposed separation of church and state, that the President has always in my lifetime (i don't know how far the tradition goes back) says 'God Bless America' at the end of important speeches. Its a real oxymoron.
You also then have the 1950s and 60s rivalry of the super powers between the USSR and the USA which seeped into every facet of life. From McCarthism to Sport. Thats a legacy thats hard to shake.
We also have the dynamic of the rise of the Middle East and how American Imperialism hasn't entirely been neutral on the subject of religion (conscious understatement).
In the same way the UK has had a very different path and faced very different problems because of things like shortages of land and the process of the industrial revolution (pollution, deprivation, overcrowding, crime all require cooperation and collective action for the benefit of all to improve and reduce some of those problems). We realised that when you have people living in such close proximity you can't protect the health of middle classes unless you protect and 'improve the condition working class' too. (Though there is a certain amount of forgetting this which covid has pointed out in no small way). And then we had the hardship of war which promoted the collective effort of the people being important. (The US was able to maintain a individualist mentality Western Europe couldn't).
One of the issues in the US is now that we see outside influences and globalisation eroding the importance of the influence of religion which had been something of the glue thats provided a common sense of identity. And you are seeing the problems of overcrowded cities (which aren't replicated in small town America). So you are seeing a new internal conflict and crisis of 'american values'.
It doesn't often make sense to Western Europeans simply because we've not have the same 'lived experience' nor had the same collective traumas. But if you understand the history it does click.