I think the marxist divisions lay it ou fairly well even if we aren't pedantic about them.
The working classes own nothing and sell their labour. So they are typically dependent of a salary.
The people that own companies factories or the means to make money, and things like stocks, make lots of money even though other people are actually productive in those settings.
The older versions being peasants and the aristocracy which are a similar division with land being the source of wealth.
There are also smallholders and small business people who own their own means of production but don't produce enough to really live off of the labour of others though they may employ small numbers.
Now we have the middle classes. They sell their labour like workers but will have some assets that will potentially boost their income and give stability, which they can pass on to their children: education, pensions, investments, they may own a home.
The various class based behaviours and values that we think of as belonging to the working classes, or aristocracy, or capitalist class, come out of the economic and social values that emerge from those roles. For example the reason that traditionally working classes value family or local community in a differernt way than the middle classes emerges from the greater dependence of family and community networks for social stability and help in hard times. Those things will be less necessary for a self-sufficient middle class family who will put a lot of value on education that increasing earning power, or travel to increase work opportunities.