"but it is striking how little we know about what might work in improving boys’ outcomes."
We do know one major thing. 65.4% of boys got a grade 4 or above in English Language GCSE last summer in England compared to 77.1% of girls. That's a massive difference, in comparison it's 72.2% for boys in maths compared to 71.8% of girls.
If you don't get a grade 4 in English (or maths), in the first instance you have to resit in college. It can restrict the college courses you get onto and sixth forms you can get into, so 1/3 of boys have their opportunities reduced quite heavily at 16 compared to 1/4 of girls.
This lack of ability with English feeds into all their other subjects. Where subjects rely heavily on essays, boys do much worse than girls than on subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Business, Economics where there are more calculations and data analysis.
What would be a single key factor in improving general ability with English? Reading.
So when people talk about the education system 'suiting girls more than boys', they mean 'suits people who read' and girls read more than boys.