I think that with this we have to look back at the way abortion has been treated mainly by the courts, rather than proper legislation.
America never went through the proper work of coming to some kind of socially accepted compromise around abortion. Which is to say, where most people could live with the laws even though they might not totally reflect their views.
In the US, I could have pictured this kind of social discussion coming up with something like many of the European models, probably with some variety in different states.
Instead it was put to the courts and a fairly extreme approach was mandated. Which is just not a way to deal with serious questions with a lot of complex moral elements. These really aren't things that the law can address in a significant way, nor is it meant to - it doesn't have the capacity to think about such things. So of course that resulted in social discord.
I think part of that is the fear of prosecution that means people like doctors aren't making medical decisions with their best judgement. Literally no one thinks these are good outcomes, even the most conservative of Catholic theologians would believe they make sense as a way to practice medicine.
But it's not about good practice, it's about liability. And liability centered approaches are really really shitty no matter whether it's medicine, education, etc