Blimey.
I just got to the part where Pape changed the direction of her thoughts which were initially in agreeable that Semenya shouldn't be racing against female athletes!
“During my studies, we read a book written by a feminist biologist called Anne Fausto-Sterling,” Pape said.
“It's about the complexity of biological sex and how our ideas about sex as a strict binary have become reflected in science. Fausto-Sterling used the case of sport as her opening example.
“She explained how the actions of sports governing bodies in fact reveal the complexity of biological sex, even though their various interventions are aimed at trying to obscure it,” she continued.
“I realised that in 2009, when I competed against Caster Semenya, I had an opportunity to learn something, but back then I had no idea that there was this history of previous efforts to regulate who gets to compete as a female athlete.
Fausto-Sterling! Who famously has confessed to making up sex categories as a joke?
FFS. The ONLY regulation about who could compete as a female before the IOC removed sex testing was to be female!
Here is the background.
www.nature.com/articles/gim2000258.pdf?origin=ppub&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_source=commission_junction&utm_campaign=CONR_PF018_ECOM_GL_PHSS_ALWYS_DEEPLINK&utm_content=textlink&utm_term=PID100045542&CJEVENT=f4d4c8630a0411ed831b01a80a1c0e11
Summary
A desire to protect female athletes from unfair competition and to reduce public innuendoes about the sexual identity of trained female athletes resulted in on-site sexverification at the Olympic Games and other competitions beginning in the 1960s. These good intentions resulted at first in demeaning public scrutiny in "nude parades." Attempts at less invasive approaches resulted in scientifically invalid methods using buccal cells for Barr bodies and later PCR-based analyses of Y-specific DNA. These approaches stigmatized females with such conditions as androgen insensitivity, XY mosaicism, and
5-a-reductase-deficiency. Although laboratory-based sex de-
termination caused clear scientific and ethical injustices to fe- male athletes, and the IAAF discontinued the process, the IOC continued to defend their policy. Following the 1996 Centen- nial Olympic Games in Atlanta, strong voices arose from the IOC World Congress on Women and Sport, the Women's Sports Foundation, and the Athletes Commission of the IOC. These organizations reiterated to the IOC that chromosomal- based gender testing is irrelevant, costly, and highly discrimi- nating; that it has caused unknown numbers of female athletes emotional and social injury; and that on-site blanket gender verification via genetic screening at Olympic Games should be abolished. Its unnecessary cost was stated by those responsible for screening in Atlanta in 1996. In the summer of 1999, the IOC conditionally rescinded its 30-year requirement for on- site gender screening of all women entered in female-only events at the Olympic Games, starting with Sydney in 2000.We applaud the IOC's revision and its intent to protect the rights and privacy of female competitors and to maintain its stan- dards of fairness for all athletes. We endorse the continued education of athletes, sports governors, medical delegates, and team physicians concerning the biological complexities of sex differentiation. Since blanket, lab-based screening for gender and fair play is both medically unsound and functionally as well as ethically inconsistent, we hope that the policy stated for the Millennial Games in Sydney will remain.
It is only because of these male athletes that sex testing by way of swabs was stopped. No thought has been given to the symmetry of what these groups argued for. They argued for the rights and dignity of male people with little thought of how female athletes felt.
These are the authors back in 2000
Louis J.Elsas,MD',
Arne Ljungqvist,MD',
Malcolm A.Ferguson-Smith,MA,FRCP
JoeLeigh Simpson,MD',
Myron Genel,MD,
AlisonS.Carlson,BA
ElizabethFerris,MBBS',
Albert de la Chapelle,MD,PhD
Anke A. Ehrhardt, phD