@howdoesatoastermaketoast Thanks for the explanation. There seem to be important differences between the teaching of sex education and the teaching of other subjects in this respect though.
My mum was a teacher and for her subject (languages) the school owned a set of text books which were loaned out to each student at the start of the year. The text books were usually a bit dated (I remember using the old Arc en Ciel French books in the late 1990s and early 2000s for example), but since French grammar and vocabulary hadn't changed particularly radically, schools could get away with using the same set of text books for a couple of decades before they really needed replacing. My mum used to teach from those books and then depart from them where necessary by supplementing with her own work sheets that she had developed herself or which had been developed and given to her by colleagues. I assume the text books themselves were designed to prepare students to take the GCSE and A-level exams set by whichever exam board the school used.
I appreciate that the approach to learning materials will have changed significantly since the internet became mainstream, but the point is that even back then, the schools didn't own the intellectual property in those resources but they did have physical and often electronic copies of them.
Yes, infringement of intellectual property rights happened. Teachers owned one copy of a text book which wasn't used by their current school and photocopied pages from it to use in school. It has always been a problem in the music world as well, with people photocopying sheet music instead of buying originals. That is a risk that the authors and publishers of these materials have always had to take. I'm not sure why people who produce sex and relationships education material expect to be able to protect themselves from these risks when no one else can. No school would buy a set of maths text books without reviewing and testing them first, and once they own them, that's it, any student can take them home, show them to anyone, leave them on the bus, and yes, any teacher can photocopy from them.
In the online age it should be much easier to manage these risks. There is a strong argument in favour of not having printed textbooks these days, so that resources can be periodically updated. But you can do this with online subscriptions very easily. I'm a lawyer and there are several subscription only services for legal resources. Sometimes people who work in house or in smaller law firms don't have access to all of them and yes, sometimes they will ask their friends working elsewhere if they have a copy of this template or that practice note and send it by email. Password sharing happens. The owners of these materials know it happens. But they make enough money from essentially all the big law firms and universities subscribing to them that it's not worth enforcing.
When it comes to educational resources, what could be done fairly easily is that the DfE could appoint a number of sex and relationships education providers to a panel, and all of those providers could offer a subscription only service to access resources, and there could be a centralised database keeping track of which schools have subscribed to what. Any school which is not listed as having subscribed to a service from the approved list would need to be able to show what resources it is using and demonstrate that they meet DfE criteria. That way, if you are Provider A and a teacher leaves their job and goes to a school which uses Provider B and brings a few scanned copies of your materials with them, it doesn't really matter because plenty of schools will have paid for your materials anyway, and if the new school really likes these resources it might switch to Provider A when renewal time comes round.
The only people who have any interest in stealing these resources are schools and teachers. By effectively obliging schools to pay for someone's resources, you make stealing them less attractive.
Students and parents are not remotely interested in stealing sex education resources, and so it is a total nonsense to deny access to them for intellectual property reasons.