@SomewhereNow, you sound very green and confused to this all so I’m pulling out an old overview so you can at least get an understanding of the basics.
The Basics of an Active Routine
So before we get to the basics of a skincare routine, drink plenty of water (especially if you drink a lot of caffeinated drinks, they're only making you more dehydrated). Avoid sugar, alcohol, cigarettes, and everything else you know is shit for you.
The basic routine is usually something along these lines,
double cleansing (in the evening, single cleanse/wash in the morning)
acid toning (optional)
serum/oil (optional)
moisturiser
SPF (daytime only).
First Cleanse: You want an oil based cleanser (not to be confused with the 'natural' oil cleansing method/OCM) to cut through make-up and SPF which you remove with a warm flannel (despite the method being called 'hot' cloth cleansing, hot water is shit for your skin) or a muslin. Use a clean flannel/muslin each day. For mornings (or days when you don't wear make-up and/or SPF) skip this step.
Second Cleanse: The first cleanse was to remove all make-up and SPF, the second is to clean the actual skin and any residue. Gentle is what you want here, a milk or cream cleanser. Ignore instructions of removing with cotton pads etc. Simply apply to dry skin and take off with warm flannel/muslin from above.
Acid toning: The quickest way to kick start your skin again, caution is warranted. Slow and steady is the way to go here, introducing it once or twice a week and building it up to a point that feels comfortable for your skin which can be anything from twice a day to once a week/fortnight. AHA helps break down dead skin cells and encourages cell turnover, revealing more 'youthful' and radiant skin. BHA works deeper down as it is oil soluble and is good for cleaning out pores and with spots. There are more types of acids and both AHA and BHA are far more complex than described but this is their basic setting. I would only suggest incorporating acids into your routine when you have your basic setup of cleanser - (serum) - moisturiser - SPF in place. If you can't commit to daily SPF and regular top ups during the day in the height of summer do not bother with acid toning, it makes the skin photosensitive, you will only damage and worsen it if not diligent with SPF post acid toning.
Serum: A concentrated and light weight formulation that penetrates skin more effectively than moisturiser. This is where you address your specific skincare needs, hydration, acne, sensitivity, anti-ageing, etc. Alternatively an oil can be used in this stage following it with or without moisturiser depending on need. The AM routine usually focuses on protective/restorative ingredients whilst the PM will push to stimulate collagen and elastin production, and skin renewal.
Moisturiser: Seals everything in and hydrates, for whatever reason we're still all stuck on the moisturiser being the most important and life changing product in your skincare routine. It's not. Probably leftover marketing from the anti-ageing overpriced cream era, moisturisers aren't going to do much on their own. Spend your money on serums and get a no frills workhorse.
A separate SPF: Beyond its necessity for use with acid toning, it is the most effective anti-ageing product (as well as skin cancer deterrent) as it blocks damaging sun rays from your skin. SPF30 is advised as a minimum year round, reach for SPF50 in the summer, especially if acid toning. Reapply every two hours when you are in the sun for prolonged periods of time.
So in order of trialling when starting from scratch: Cleansers first (easy to see whether you can get on with them or not quite quickly within a few days). Then introduce moisturiser, then SPF, then serum, then contemplate acid toning. Aside from a cleanser I usually wait 2-3 weeks before introducing a new product and it takes about 6 weeks to honestly assess whether a product is working for you.
Stop using any products that cause irritation, skin does not get used to things. An exception can be made for acid toning where some purging may occur but should not persist beyond the first few uses.
Also read the “Where to start” bit up until the routine on my advice to Gwenhwyfar at Sun 29-Jan-17 21:16:23 (page 2 or 3).
My suggestion for you in terms of routine are as follows:
AM
Freshen up with cream cleanser (currently Nivea), ← use up then switch to La Roche Posay Toleriane Dermo Cleanser
Nip & Fab pads a couple of times a week ← Definitely don’t use acid toners in the AM if you’re not using an SPF. It’s pretty much skincare sin number one, AM routines tend to be about protecting and helping skin restore from any stress you may subject your skin to with actives, acids, etc. the night before. I’m assuming you’re using the glycolic fix pads? For your concerns a BHA is better suited. Try the Paula’s Choice 2% Skin Perfecting Liquid (get the travel size initially) but I wouldn’t start buying this until you have your SPF in place.
Nip & Fab serum followed by I have no clue which Serum this is but I’m not impressed by the entire line and you’re in need of something rehydrating. Look into The Ordinary Buffet or Matrixyl instead. The Superdrug Simply Hydrating Serum may also be a good fit, possibly get this for the AM and one of TO for the PM.
Eucerin 5% urea to try and combat the flakiness ← If this is working for you stick with it but something with better hydrating properties may suit you better (Urea tackles dryness - lack of oil- rather than dehydration - lack of water). Face Theory is worth a look, Malin Goetz Vitamin E moisturiser (the one without SPF) is also very comfy and hydrating and liked by various skin types.
SPF - I’d go with either the Biore Watery Essence but be mindful that it may be drying, alternatively try the La Roche Posay Anthelios Fluid SPF50
PM
Cream cleanser or micellar water to remove make-up then Sanctuary Oil Cleanser with muslin cloth followed by ←- So the order is off here. Use the micellar for eye makeup removal only, then oil cleanser (though this usually makes the micellar obsolete unless you wear very heavy eye makeup), then a cream cleanser like LRP TD from the AM.
Acid tone, if you acid tone - See above about suggestion. I do think you’d probably benefit from an AHA too but you really need to phase in your products slowly and I wouldn’t consider AHA top priority.
Serum- Use the same hydrating serum or see the suggestion for alternating products made there. I know you’ve mentioned being interested in Retinol but like AHA I’d leave this until the routine is settled and working well for you. Then look into the 2% Retinoid Complex from The Ordinary.
Moisturiser - I think you’d really benefit from several hydrating layers in both routines to address the dehydration the seal it all in with oil.
Sanctuary Facial Oil
Also, ditch the scrubs, they’re pure evil and don’t promote good skin health. This is why you want chemical exfoliators, like AHA and BHA, in your routine, to gently exfoliate without damaging and aggravating the skin. Long term consider incorporating these actives into your routine for glow and skin tone: Retinol, Vitamin C, Niacinamide.