I'm a mum, and a stepmum, and my older child is also a stepchild ... so I've endured seen every possible permutation of step family life there is, apart from ever having been a stepchild myself.
This particular situation isn't about time spent together between the natural parent and their natural child ... but about basic courtesy and respect. Respect for another adult, respect for your partner, and respect for the person who also - presumably - contributes - both financially and practically to the family household^ .... the one which enables stepchildren to be housed, fed, clothed, entertained, emotionally supported etc etc etc.
Unless I've missed it I don't think the OP has said "boo hoo hoo, my DH spends time with his daughter and I feel left out and it's not fair". What she has commented upon is that when this happens, her husband is inclined to disappear without a single word .... which is bloody rude and contemptuous ..... which sends a message that for the duration, his wife isn't worthy of simple manners ..... and then, he compounds the situation by firstly ignoring her polite enquiries about how long they'd be and then berating her for "daring" to ask such an apparently impertinent question at all.
There is a world of difference between him spending some one on one time with his daughter, which is okay ..... and him using that time to treat his wife as if she doesn't matter at all. His behaviour would be equally unacceptable if he went off in the same way with a child who was the natural child of both of them and she'd have every right to feel equally put out about that.
The extra info about his failure to discipline his daughter and/or at least speak to her about the silent phone calls - let alone apologise himself for having a go at the OP for ranting at her about her (justified) suspicions makes him sound like a father who isn't prepared to parent .... not properly. Time and again, "absent" fathers are terrified of disciplining, disagreeing with, or refusing the demands of the children who don't live with them. Some of that attitude is due to guilt - no matter how their relationship broke down, others are susceptible to perceived, or actual, threats about contact being reduced/stopped should they dare cross the child(ren) and/or their ex in any way. He's setting a terrible example and behaving inappropriately ..... if his daughter is aware that BH is being ignored in this way when she visits, it gives her the message that it's okay to do the same - and that sets a very dangerous precedent where the child is effectively handed an inappropriate level of control within the family. And by failing to address the phone situation, he's allowed her to get away with something that's wrong - it's his duty to tackle such stuff and explain to her why it's wrong, why it could be upsetting, why she shouldn't do it and so on.
All this talk of putting children 1st .... most people would intrpret that as ensuring the children's basic needs are met before the adults. So, for example .... it would be wrong for them to go hungry while the adults ate ..... but it does NOT mean allowing children to disrespect adults. Children thrive when the relationships between the significant adults in their life are seen to be mutually respectful and supportive .... that is what makes a child (step or bio) feel safe and secure. It would be far far better for his daughter's emotional well being to see her dad and her stepmum in a good relationship, than for her to witness him treating her rudely. That's going to create an "us and them" scenario, where "us" is him and SD, and them is OP. Hardly conducive to good family relations !
Treating the OP with respect does NOT preclude DH spending special time with his daughter .... it's ridiculous to suggest that enabling that somehow negates the need for manners and courtesy. Perhaps they are even more important in a step family than in a totally "bio" family because inevitably, some step children are going to feel less secure and they therefore need to see and experience a really solid family set up.
OP .... given that your DH has an attitude of visits being "her time" does that mean you're not expected to get involved at all ? Does that mean that HE cooks all her meals for example, does all her washing, gets her room ready and so on ? If not, then he's being a bloody hypocrite on top of everything else.