You're choosing the wrong arguments. Certainly do not go into why the financial responsibility shouldn't be split 50/50 as he will immediately use that as a stick to beat you with - about how you don't see him and his dd as a package, how you're not behaving as if this were a family (note: neither is he if you're not allowed to ask your DSD to tidy her room).
Let's just look at the housework situation. There are literally no MNers who say 'DH works 5 days a week, I work 3, so I leave all the housework to him - fair's fair'. You failed to reject the premise of his argument, which is: housework is women's work. If you choose to work 5 days a week instead of 3, you will have proportionately less time to get your housework done. Not my problem.
In fact I think most MNers who work part-time try to get most house stuff done in their 2 week days off, to leave the weekend free for family time. I note it would never occur to him to do that much.
Notice that if he went back to 5 days a week he feels you wouldn't be able to 'go on' at him to 'help out'. Except, er, that would simply mean you were both working the same number of days per week and should STILL split the chores 50/50.
Look at the way he talks about himself: he was deeply sorry and could I find it in myself to forgive him telling me that I had married a proud and stubborn man
He regards himself as proud and stubborn - and that these are good things, however he's dressing it up in the apology. WTF has proud and stubborn got to do with not wanting his DSD to thank you for a present or for you to ask her to tidy her room? WTAF has it got to do with doing the housework? These are just words he's flinging at you to say 'this is my personality, take it or leave it'.
He doesn't respect you. He has a huge sense of entitlement about "women's work". He doesn't plan to change.