Here is a BBC article on the way the UK is looking towards China and other East Asian countries for inspiration in maths teaching.
www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-38568538
The motivation for this is that countries in East Asia come out on top in the Pisa Maths Test rankings.
uk.businessinsider.com/pisa-worldwide-ranking-of-math-science-reading-skills-2016-12
The UK is quite far down the league table and is trying to pick up some tips from the highest-performing countries – which are all East Asian.
One way to emulate successful countries is to adopt some of their teaching methods. Of course some of the factors involved in maths achievement are cultural and difficult to reproduce. There is a tendency for parents with an East Asian background to hold maths in particularly high regard and out-of-school-hours enrichment activities are common. Being a maths teacher is also a high-prestige position in the East whereas it’s not unusual to have a non-specialist teacher drafted in in the UK.
Another possible factor – and this is a controversial one – is that studies suggest East Asians may be innately better at visuo-spatial tasks.
Looking at the maths problems in the link provided in the OP, I am struck by the difference in ‘flavour’ between the Western and Eastern maths problems given.The problems from Western countries tend to be wordy and less sophisticated from a mathematical perspective. In contrast, those from Eastern countries seem to be testing pattern finding skills and are – to my mind at least – more difficult.
The first question in the link in the OP is from Japan and is typical of a more visual approach to maths. It shows 882 as the product of 42 and 21 through intersecting lines - using a technique somewhat related to the grid method of multiplication taught in schools here.
(I'm not Asian, by the way, just trying to be objective about the situation!)