Feenie/ mrz:
Scores to LEA are moderated. I totally agree. But who moderates and independently verifies scores sent to parents?
Scores reported to parents (Yes NC Levels 2a, 2b, 2c or 3 - and very rarely L4 appear on the report to parents or are reported within the end of year report) but the breakdown of scores report for whole cohort (so all Y2 students SATs at a given primary - whether totally assessed by teacher or partially teacher assessment/ part test is irrelevant) at a school are whole values only: NC L1/ L2/ L3/ L4 (L4 being extremely rare).
It is not possible for a parent to identify their child's score within that whole school end of Y2 SAT summary for all pupils.
Therefore with nobody checking report from school to parent and with no parent able to understand securely where their child is in the general scores for Y2 end of year SATs - you can see that there is potential room for the following scenario:
School can tell virtually all parents your DC scored L3 but report accurate scores to LEA. LEA never checks what information is reported to parents with the parents (I'm certain of that fact). Therefore what's to stop a school saying whatever they like for end Y2 KS1 SATs? Parents are highly unlikelyl to check with all other parents regarding how their children did - it just isn't done.
Downgrade 12 pupils (as in the spreston example) at start Y3 and explain to parents I'm terribly sorry but the expectation is a NC Level 4a at end Y6 now. It's terribly difficult to make that jump to NC Level 5, as well.... Or put it off for the moment, hope for the best, but come Y6 - the pressure of the test most likely explains why DC didn't achieve expected NC Level 5....
The NC Level 4a thing at end Y6 KS2 SATs is again quite useful because although parents will get a report (which I presume will give NC Level 4 sub-levels) the overall report for the schools KS2 SATs that year is by whole number only and parents cannot access where their child is within that data.
I'm not saying this happens everywhere or even at all - I'm just saying this is the hole in the system and it's perfectly possible because the data given to parents isn't idependently confirmable - we have one source for our data and we cannot check it's veracity (one could go down the FOI route but who has the time/ money?).
Independent testing (often unannounced - so pupil arrives at school to find they will be tested that day) where scores are reported direct to parents as well as School/ LEA or regional authority is the solution in other countries.