Sorry to interrupt the thread (which is really interesting), to respond to Eddm - I do think it's perfectly justifiable to attack the media on almost any given occasion! Had another look at the link, and OK, it does make it clear that it is just an overview and not original research, but many readers don't get past the headline. Also, I agree with you that collated studies are perfectly valid, and have their place, but the point I was making is that the reader can't make an informed judgement about the validity of the study without knowing exactly what was chosen to be included, who commissioned each of those other reports, (what axes were being ground, if any?) and all the other basics - none of which are reported in this article. I also agree that unhappily, it isn't the most glaring example of lousy reporting - on the contrary, it's less sensationalist than most, but that is what is so depressing about it; it gives the reader absolutely no information about the methodology, but gives quite a lot of detail about the results. And sorry, but results without knowing how they were arrived at, mean nothing. This study could be an excellent and important piece of work or it could be a pile of doggy poo; but from the report, we just don't know, because it doesn't tell us the basics. Oh, also agree with you that academics are responsible for communicating, and sometimes they themselves put a spin on things to gain publicity, but quite often they are not in charge of the means of communication - they can't control journalists and journalists have to simplify, sometimes to such a level that what they are reporting ends up misleading.