Ok, here's some ideas:
2 nights Monterey
www.andrilcottages.com
Not high end, but clean and warm with kitchenettes and room for the children to run around - 5 minutes drive to the Monteray Aquarium
Tips: be there when the aquarium opens to get the full experience, buy sandwiches at a shop on the way and put in your backpack because lunch in the café onsite will run you about $20 per head (if you are lucky)
3 nights in San Francisco
www.fairmont.com/ghirardelli-san-francisco
High end but great location
www.argonauthotel.com/
Typical San Francisco Experience - excellent location
www.hifishermanswharf.com/
Still in an ok location, holiday inn is a more generic experience
Tips: Book Alcatraz as soon as you know your dates - tours book up - get the earliest boat over you can, and spend the day - take your own food and drink
3 yosemite
www.nps.gov/YOSE/planyourvisit/index.htm
www.yosemitepark.com/lodging.aspx
The Ahwanhee is devine if you can splurge - plan your trip so you are there for the Sunday Brunch. Otherwise the cabins in Curry Village are a unique experience. There is unlikely to be drunk teenagers in October. It will also likely be chilly in the evening in October so you'll need to layer. I would stay in the park - you are only here for such a short time and the driving will get old quickly.
Tip: have cash ready for the park entrance fee
1 las vegas
Las Vegas is a conundrum - marked as Disneyland for adults, don't underestimate how much your children will visually be exposed to pictures of scantily clad women with phone numbers for a good time. At present, I go there about once a month for work, and when I leave I always want a good bath! Having said that, you can get a good hotel relatively cheaply. I would recommend the Mandalay Bay because the swimming pools are great:
www.mandalaybay.com
But if you want the whole experience, book at the Bellagio and make sure you ask for a Fountain Facing Room
www.bellagio.com
Tip: wear flat shoes and don't underestimate how long it takes to walk everyone - these hotels/casinos are huge
Good luck