Diphtheria
"An estimated 5-10% of people who get diphtheria will die from complications that arise from the condition, such as breathing difficulties, inflammation of the heart (myocarditis) or problems with the nervous system.
Before a vaccination programme was introduced in 1940, diphtheria was a very common condition and one of the leading causes of death in children.
The vaccination programme has been very successful. In 2010, there were just eight recorded cases of diphtheria in England and Wales, and no deaths. Diphtheria is a notifiable disease, which means that if a doctor diagnoses the condition, they must tell the local authority.
Even though the incidence of diphtheria in England is low, there's a risk that an outbreak could occur if the number of people who are vaccinated falls below a certain level.
This risk was demonstrated by the epidemic that struck the countries of the former Soviet Union between 1990 and 1998. It resulted in 157,000 cases and 5,000 deaths."