Policywonk,
One can't compare with Europe as the system in most countries there is what it used to be in the UK before the abolition of grammar schools.
You've seen the description above on Germany. In France, it is hugely driven by the catchment area as it is here, but the school's headmaster can pretty easily decided who goes there. So if you are a good family (both parents university lectureres, eg.), but you don't quite live in the catchment area, you just make an appointment, have a chat and you are in, because the school wants you there, but they will find a way not to admit a Moroccan from poor background. They even look at postcode of where you were BORN so bad luck if your birth certificate has the wrong arrondisement in it. Also, there is streaming further up, almost all do the Bac at private schools, and that's the road to university.
As far as the Netherlands goes, children go to different schools from the age of 11, after an 11+ test (it's much easire though, as it doesn't look at IQ at all, only at what's been learnt) so after that all the bright/studious kids go to grammar school and study latin, greek and the other bells and whistles, and the rest to secondary modern.
So you are not comparing apples with apples.