@Bakedpotatoandgin
My DD first became suspicious of St Andrews admissions policy when she applied for a Sutton Trust Summer School at St Andrews and was told that based on her High School and postcode deprivation rating they felt she was "unlikely to be accepted". An odd statement to make. But it proved to be accurate. She had offers from Durham, Aberdeen, Warwick and Glasgow so clearly her grades weren't an issue. And St Andrews also said the grades weren't an issue. They said the course was "full".
5 pupils at DD's High School with straight A's applying for a variety of different courses at St Andrews all rejected. Again the excuse given being that the courses were "full". Early application for courses with fairly high intakes, i.e. not medicine. But courses such as international relations languages and history/art history which are popular with Americans and overseas students. More of that later.
DD's High School is in a poor area and is regarded as "deprived" hence Sutton Trust fairly active. DD asked around friends at other High Schools and it was the same story. Then when she went to Glasgow she met up with a boy who had applied to St Andrews for the same course as one of her friends, been accepted but decided to go to Glasgow as he was a rugby player and felt the facilities were better. His grades were significantly WORSE than some of her straight A friends but for the same course. He went to a fee paying school.
But state school versus fee paying school is only PART of the story.
DD then went on several open days and shadowing days at St Andrews and was amazed at how few Scottish Students there were compared to Americans and English. Many of the English were fee paying schools. She wondered if this was possibly because private schools deliver a better set of grades on the whole but didn't feel this was the whole picture. She concluded that nationality is also a factor in the St Andrews admissions policy.
One thing she WAS told when visiting several language departments at St Andrews is that one thing holding back State School pupils in both Scotland AND England is that many State Schools don't have the budget to offer languages beyond French and German so if you want to do Arabic/Russian/Spanish/Italian/Chinese and aren't native speakers, you're at a relative disadvantage compared to private school pupils. One exception here was Russian where they prefer you NOT to have prior knowledge of the language (this was St Andrews - other Unis may differ). Many fee paying schools offer these languages, if not as part of the general curriculum then as fee paying extras.
Nothing to conclusively prove this but there have been several media stories hinting at the fact that for a Scottish University, St Andrews has a fairly low level of Scottish intake compared to 30 years ago when DH and myself were there. This has been blamed on the the fact that the Universities receive only £1820 from the Scottish Government for every Scottish student they admit (based on the policy of free University education for Scottish students). Compare this to the £9250 they can receive for English students (sometimes more for certain medicine and science based courses) and the average £20,000 which they get for Americans. Do the maths. It makes no economic sense for them to admit many Scottish students at all.
Most Universities will seek to cream off the top students. And inevitably those will come from the fee paying sector, they have the best prospects and teaching after all. And in languages they often have a basic grounding in the less common languages so less foundation level teaching required. Plus many fee paying Schools in Scotland offer A levels and/or International Baccalaureate as an alternative to Scottish Highers (which are NOT well regarded by some Universities even though the students learn a wider range of subjects). So if you have a Scottish Student with good Highers and a state school background trying to get into St Andrews the grades are fairly irrelevant as you don't represent a very good rate of return from a Business perspective AT ALL.
Our Universities have become businesses where the generation of revenue is the highest priority. And the highest priority will always be given to those parents waving fat wads of cash.