A statement from Benjamin Netanyahu's office said on Tuesday that Odeh was "one of the architects of the October 7 massacre".
"Odeh was responsible for the murder, abduction, and wounding of many Israeli citizens and IDF soldiers," it continued.
Odeh's predecessor as commander of the group's armed wing, Izz ad-Din al-Haddad, was killed in another Israeli air strike earlier in May.
In his statement, Netanyahu said Israel would "continue to pursue anyone who took part in the October 7 massacre", adding: "Sooner or later, Israel will reach them all."