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Childbirth

Share experiences and get support around labour, birth and recovery.

Childbirth- inherently risky or inherently safe? Painful or not?

479 replies

WhatTheHellJustHappened · 31/03/2012 21:41

My friend recently made the fatal mistake of saying in the company of some female colleagues that childbirth was the most painful, horrifying thing she had experienced. An argument ensued and majority of the ladies there believed it was wrong to call childbirth risky or painful. They said they pitied women who looked at such a beautiful and empowering experience in such a negative manner. They said that even sitting on a lawn was risky but sensible people didn't spend time fretting over it. Hmm My friend asked me later "When did it become a crime to call childbirth painful or risky? Shock".
While I personally agree that childbirth can be very empowering and rewarding, I also do agree that it is painful and potentially risky.

What are you views? Do you think childbirth is painful? Do you think it is inherently risky or safe?

OP posts:
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Ushy · 02/04/2012 15:04

Shag The neonatal death rate is higher in MLUs for first time mums - their babies aren't safer there.

I agree many women don't WANT and epidural - they hope for a nice pain free labour but are realistic enough to choose somewhere where one will be AVAILABLE quickly if they need it e.g. consultant unit.

ASByatt · 02/04/2012 15:11

After the birth of my first DC (a drawn out but perfectly unremarkable ventouse delivery) I was in shock, really. I had expected it to be very painful, but had had a naive belief that it would be ok because it would be a 'productive pain'. I decided that actually pain is pain, really. I couldn't get my head around what I had had to endure in order to have a baby in the twenty-first century, the whole thing felt totally barbaric. I could never, ever watch anything like OBEM because I don't like to be reminded of the experience.

Did I have another DC? Yes, 2 years later - we were keen to have another child, and I decided to have another one soon so that I wouldn't be worrying for too may years about the prospect of having to give birth again.

Ironically a friend with 2 DC confided in me that she has always felt that she 'missed out' because for medical reasons her 2 were both born by CS. Missed out! I just didn't know what to say to that.

To anyone who feels that their labour was painfree and/or beautiful, then I would say that that's great, but that was their experience and they mustn't assume to speak for others who might have had quite different experiences.

shagmundfreud · 02/04/2012 15:11

Reference?

"The neonatal death rate is higher in MLUs for first time mums"

That is not how it's been reported on NHS Choices.

I have the Place of Birth Study in front of me.

From the BMJ: here

"For nulliparous women, the odds of the primary outcome were higher for planned home births (adjusted odds ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.86) but not for either midwifery unit setting."

Also from the above BMJ analysis of the study:

"Women with planned births at home or in freestanding or alongside midwifery units were significantly less likely than those with planned births in obstetric units to have an instrumental or operative delivery or to receive medical interventions such as augmentation, epidural or spinal analgesia, general anaesthesia, or episiotomy and significantly more likely to have a ?normal birth.?

(by the way - they are only referring to mothers deemed 'low risk' at the start of labour)

Personally I think the single fact of mothers being 'significantly less likely' to need a general anaesthetic in labour is a fairly strong 'selling point' for MLU's....

Anyway, I'm hiding this thread for a while because it's a lovely day and my children are becoming fractious...... (and the house is a hideous tip. BAD mother....) Smile

Ushy · 02/04/2012 15:15

Shag Primary outcomes aren't deaths. Deaths were higher.

sofaslug · 02/04/2012 15:15

shagmund - I don't feel I was given anything like a realistic picture by the midwives. We were shown birthing pools, bouncing balls, the likelihood of CS was brushed under the carpet... We were given talks by the anaesthetists about how we only had to ask and they would magically appear. Someone put their hand up in the audience and said 'but I've heard that the midwives try to discourage you from having epidurals and there's a bit of a political divide between the doctors and the midwives'. The anaesthetist said 'well you'd better ask them about that' (ducking the question) - the midwife stood up and denied it.

Garliccheesechips · 02/04/2012 15:23

A lot of this begs the question; what the hell has a woman's choices in labour got to do with anyone else?

peacefuleasyfeeling · 02/04/2012 15:44

I think you just need to be sensitive to who you're talking to, and take your cues from the context. I've experienced both; my waters broke 24 hours before labour began and when it did, I laboured for 10 hours at home to nearly full dilation, hoping for a homebirth, feeling both empowered and beautiful. I hadn't really considered that it might be painful (having only really paid attention to stories of the kind of "easy-as-a-cat" natural delivery I was hoping to have myself) and it wasn't particularly sore. One of the mothers telling her birth story in Spiritual Midwifery (Ina May Gaskin) replies when her little boy asks if it's going to be painful: "No, it's going to be strong." and that described it well, I think. It all changed when I was transferred to hospital for induction on account of a raised temperature and fear of infection, as the waters had gone such a long time before. I was induced, and boy, that was a completely different kettle of fish. It took me by complete surprise and was really mindblowingly painful. But it was still empowering and beautiful, and just became a very intense experience in itself. But a couple of my friends who were pregnant at the time were really clear that they didn't want to hear about the "...and then we arrived in the delivery suite..."-bit in case they should become fearful, and so be more susceptible to experiencing pain. When I went back to my anteneatal class to tell the women who were still pregnant my birthstory, I didn't labour the point about the pain either. What would be the point?

entropygirl · 02/04/2012 15:45

shag I agree that most people will not have experienced pain on the scale of child birth before they do it the first time, but people have a pretty accurate idea of how they tolerate pain in general!

If you feel you are likely to need an epidural then you are probably right. Of course there will be exceptions to the rule....

The problem I have with all this is if I make the statement that:

"I think it is very likely that I will need an epidural" (which I certainly did in the run up to labour) then under current thinking I would be characterized as 'having a negative attitude'.

But I did not have a negative attitude I had a lot of DATA collected over my life from wasp stings to bruises, to a broken finger that add up to the fact that I have a very low pain tolerance.

I think a lot of women may be in the same boat. They think the pain of labour will likely overwhelm them because they are basing their knowledge on hard won data and they are probably RIGHT.

By relabelling this as an attitude difference instead of a physiological difference we are putting blame onto women for not changing something they potentially could change (their attitude) instead of acknowledging the fact that your pain tolerance is what it is and nothing will change it.

HmmThinkingAboutIt · 02/04/2012 15:51

Hmmmm.... I'm in a weird position. I get where shag comes from, but I agree that the way she comes across, does seem militant at times, but I don't think its her intention at all.

She's passionate about trying to avoid medically unnecessary interventions which have long term effects on both mother and baby. Thats a good thing, for the most part. The fact she's so strongly in favour of one to one midwife care as a solution to many problems is based on pretty sound logic tbh.

I personally am in the ELCS camp for my own reasons over fear. Something that I would have regardless of how many midwives you'd give me. That puts me in a very different place to her.

But I think that listening to Shag is interesting and she's VERY well read on the subject and has a lot to offer, if you give her the chance even if you disagree with elements of what she says. For the most part she's not as biased as you might think. She's certainly not wrong on the stats on MLU with regard to outcomes. You CAN find evidence that is contradictory, however the place of birth study was by far the largest and most comprehensive of its type and fairs very well in methodology and scope, especially compared to other studies. She'll give you a more balanced response and accurate response with regard to research than many others here will. Not something thats easy to do when you have strong opinions one way or the other on the subject.

Whilst I really disagree with her over the finance debate I think we do share common ground on how fear affects birth from opposite ends of the argument. Its interesting how the two schools of thought divide but share similar principles. If fear effects the hormones you produce and that in turn has effect on your ability to give birth, and indeed feel pain, then I do think it should be looked at a lot more closely and for that reason many of Shag's points here really shouldn't be ignored. The idea we share is, if you are more afraid, you will have a worse experience.

Pain tolerance is not something that is included in the assessment of health of mother/baby when studying outcomes, but is certainly something that will be used as a criteria by mothers.

Nope, but there has been research in places like Sweden on fear. They have developed a way of identifying which women have above average level of fear and that is used to try and give more support to women who fair badly. There are common and predictable patterns that have emerged. Whats interesting though is that some of the initial research that fear gives worse birth outcomes, and that this is AFTER counselling. So it suggests that at least some psychological techniques have no benefit whatsoever to some women. If this research holds up and can be explored more, it has great potential to tackle problems from new angles and cater for women's needs on a more individual level. Perhaps this includes looking at other types of counselling or coping strategies for different types of people. Or indeed early recommendation of pain relief where appropriate.

I certainly do not think anyone asking for pain relief should be denied it for that reason. As its not just about how much pain they are in, but I personally think that also reflects the level of fear they are experiencing because of that. And because fear is directly related to hormones in birth then... well yeah... they are all interconnected. I think that rather than severe pain during childbirth being linked to adverse outcomes - like post traumatic stress disorder and depression - I'd question what the cause of the PTSD actually is and whether its pain or fear at the root.

I would guess, that where women have a choice about giving birth in a CLU, MLU or a Homebirth and they pick a particular one, they do so for a reason and a lot of that reason would be related to their fears.

It would be really interesting to see where women who develop trauma symptoms give birth and how it fits with the data we already have.

Many women choose a homebirth because they fear hospital and think they will be more relaxed at home and this will be beneficial to them. Certainly the stats seem to back this up and judging by the anecdotal response to HB, on balance, I think its fair to say they are more relaxed. Which absolutely supports Shag. And therefore, I think its right to encourage MLU or HBs to some women for this reason. It WOULD be beneficial to them and they probably would have a better experience for it than they would in a CLU.

On the other end of the scale, women who are very strong in their choice of CLU perhaps do have more fear of something going wrong and this equally could be playing a part in why CLU faired particularly badly in the birth place study. Its a variable that is largely unexplored but would tie in with the Swedish research on how fear can be an important factor in worse outcomes. I'm not entirely convinced, its entirely down to clinical decisions within a CLU. And perhaps the culture of a CLU which deals with more high risk cases, lends itself even more to creating an environment that actually encourages fear as part of the course.

If you start treating fear as a risk factor, then it starts to make more sense. And if fear is a risk factor, you should start looking at a variety of ways for a variety of different types of women to control that in someway. There certainly isn't a one size fits all policy and I don't think that anyone, including Shag is suggesting that. Indeed, I think that not listening to some of what she says could well be to your detriment. You don't have to agree with her to understand some of the principles she bases what she thinks on.

In that respect, fair from being militant, I think she'll strongly opinionated, based on pretty good logic and research. It doesn't mean she's right on everything, but I also don't think she's got rose-tinted specs on either.

shagmundfreud · 02/04/2012 15:57

Ushy - neonatal deaths were not higher according to BMJ, RCM or NHS Choices.

What's your source?

EmmaCate · 02/04/2012 16:03

Did these other women have children? I found the process satisfying but I wouldn't say I felt empowered (To do what? Swear at people? What more power does a woman who's had children have over one who hasn't?), nor do I look back on it as a magical experience.

I would call the experience uplifting, eye-opening, a rite of passage. It was damned painful in parts and I don't think that drags down the memory - it's just a fact. It's also risky - but so is bungee-jumping and that can be fantastic when it goes right. They should just sod off to their hippie commune IMHO.

BTW I have a high pain threshold and had a fairly hippy birth myself both times. I have no issue with people getting whatever pain relief they need. I am fairly stoical by nature, but still recognise it bloody hurts!!

entropygirl · 02/04/2012 16:08

hmmm the problem with saying fear is a big factor is that I don't think the studies are differentiating between baseless fear and fear that is soundly based on the physiological facts.

I do not recall being afraid before labour. (this is because I thought that epidurals would work....)

When I said 'I will likely need an epidural' it was not fear talking but I am sure I would have gone into the scared box in a survey.

So yeah...basically if you group all people who say they think they will need pain relief into some sort of scared and negative group then you will certainly see extra correlation with needing interventions/epidurals because you have also grouped in all the people who have low physiological pain tolerance.

shagmundfreud · 02/04/2012 16:09

Thanks Hmmm Smile

On a personal note I'd like to add that I was very fearful about having a homebirth. Both times. I was just more scared of going back to the hospital where I'd had substandard care with my first child.

I think you'd be surprised at how many women go into their homebirths gripped by fear. I've met so many women whose choice to stay at home was made because they have issues over control rather than because they have a profound belief in their body's ability to safely and easily birth a baby.
I think women in hospital generally feel safe because they believe that they're in the most appropriate setting for childbirth. Women in FMLU's and at home have years of social conditioning to overcome, conditioning which has led them to the belief that birth and hospitals are like bread and butter. They just go together....

Point being that it's wrong to assume women in MLU's will have lower levels of fear prior to and during labour.

WibblyBibble · 02/04/2012 16:12

"Women who give birth have a longer life expectancy than those who don't so over the life course not giving birth is more risky, in the UK today."

Simply because women who don't give birth are more likely to already be dead before the age when they would have given birth, so bring down life expectancy figures for that group. Plus the likelihood that women who have curtailed life expectancies due to chronic disease are also likely to either choose not to have children or become unable to have children. It helps to learn how statistics work before you attempt to wield them randomly.

WhatTheHellJustHappened · 02/04/2012 16:19

@shagmundfreud
Your idea of informing women seems to sway in the direction of telling them the negatives of CLU and epidurals. Why not also mention that MLUs have certain increased risks as well? Including the risk of delay in transfer in case of an emergency which may cause serious omplications.

I also disagree that MLUs always have one to one care. I've seen many midwives being dismissive and unsupportive. It's a gamble either way.

It's also rich that you've asked Ushy for a reference when you've provided none yourself. A document which only you can read doesn't count as a valid reference.

You're right- women have no way of knowing how they'll respond to pain in labour. And yet, we know how we all individually respond to pain in general. Based on that, some of us may individually decide that we'd like the option of a CLU and epidural better. Why on earth do have such a problem with that?

You seem to think that if you tell women about the drawbacks of pain relief and consultant led care they'll opt for the method you think is right.

Why do you presume that? People opt for many things with substantial risks even after hearing about the risks. Just like you chose to deliver an 11 pound baby naturally. I'm sure you were aware of the increased risks of birth injuries to both you and baby and of the increased risk of emergencies such as shoulder dystocia. Yet, you decided to go along with it. Similarly people may choose to go along with epidurals even after hearing the risks involved.

I don't see why you've insisted on taking this thread off topic but if I had to guess I'd say you have a serious agenda.

OP posts:
WibblyBibble · 02/04/2012 16:25

"if you go to a CLU you are less likely to get one to one care, and about twice as likely to have an emergency c/s or a forceps delivery. You are no more likely to come home with a well baby than if you go to an MLU."

And don't you think that might be because women whose labours are more painful, thus causing them to want more pain relief, are also more likely to suffer complications that require forceps or epidural? The thing about people only having babies of a size they can deliver is that it isn't true. Historically it might have been more true because diet was poorer (thus smaller babies) and people were unlikely to have partners of different ethnic backgrounds and bone structure/sizes. It's now not true any more. The reason that my labours were slow and painful is the same reason that my children were delivered with forceps, which is that they were very large (4kg+) and I am very small (5'1 at most, and size 10 round the hips). It is not normal for someone my size to have babies who have head circumferences in the 99th centile and weights above the 95th (in fact it's not normal for me to be the height I am, that's due to childhood malnutrition and lack of proper medical treatment as a child, but never mind that). In historical circumstances, I would likely have had children with someone smaller than my ex husband. However I would also probably have been dead before having children, and if I wasn't I would quite likely have died having them. That happened an awful lot and I'm glad it doesn't any more (even though probably the daily mail would love it). I still think it's great when some women can have homebirths, and I wish I could have (I did try to with first). I just don't think that it's a magical cure for everything, or that 'modern medicine' is a net negative force in childbirthing, and I think it's factually incorrect to assert the contrary.

Bue · 02/04/2012 16:47

Ushy, I'd be interested to know what you source for the higher neonatal death rate is, too. If you are referencing the Birthplace study, the rate of neonatal death wasn't even explored in that study. The number of perinatal/neonatal deaths was so low across all places of birth that the researchers couldn't draw any conclusions from the numbers.

sofaslug · 02/04/2012 17:02

Hmmthinkingaboutit - I agree that pain and fear are closely interlinked, and that not nearly enough is done to properly minimise fear during pregnancy and during labour (especially the early stages of labour).

And that doesn't mean being 'minimal with the truth' about how much it might hurt or the fact that interventions might be necessary.

Womens' pain and fear seems to be routinely denied and ignored in the early stages of labour, whether that's in a hospital context or in the context of being expected to manage with minimal pain relief (otherwise you're a failure) in other settings.

Ushy · 02/04/2012 17:19

Shag and Bue you asked about about the higher stillbirth rates in midwife units - it was explored and below is the link.

I could not find the on line article that was criticising it although I did cut and paste bits of it - see some of it below- it was saying the study was too influenced by the midwife lobby:

Free standing midwife units had twice the death rate per thousand compared with the consultant units (page 73 in the study). That is without taking into account the large extra number of high risk women the consultant units received at the start of labour. So the consultant units had higher risk women and lower death rate yet midwife units were reported as just as safe just because the figures did not reach 'statistical significance.'

On page 193 and 194 the trend of all the bad 'primary' outcomes at the start of labour was towards midwife units being riskier except for second time + mums in free standing midwife units. (Page 193 and 194)

Also when they worked out what they would include as 'primary outcomes' they left out things like brain haemorrhage and fractured skull which were higher in the midwifery units.

They also split 'seizures' and suspected brain damage and only included suspected brain damage in the outcomes - the 'seizures' were way higher for the midwife units and they are also potential brain injury symptoms.

So all in all - midwife units are not much riskier than consultant units but neither are they as safe

Its what you'd expect - if you have to transfer, you lose a bit of time and very occasionally that means a baby dies. On the plus side, fewer emergency caesareans.

I vote women just be given the facts and take their choice.

This is the Birthplace link:
www.netscc.ac.uk/hsdr/files/project/SDO_FR4_08-1604-140_V03.pdf

shagmundfreud · 02/04/2012 17:22

"Why not also mention that MLUs have certain increased risks as well? Including the risk of delay in transfer in case of an emergency which may cause serious omplications."

But actually there doesn't appear to be evidence that giving birth in an MLU DOES carry increased risks for babies. At least not according to NHS advice, or the analysis by the BMJ of the latest research into outcomes associated with place of birth.

There is, on the other hand a fairly convincing body of evidence that healthy women going to a CLU are about twice as likely to end up needing forceps, or an emergency caesarean section.

And major abdominal surgery does have risks you know. Really it does.

"You seem to think that if you tell women about the drawbacks of pain relief and consultant led care they'll opt for the method you think is right."

No - not at all. They'll opt for what they feel they can cope with and what they feel safe with.

But at least they'll be making an informed choice about the increased risk of interventions associated with booking a hospital birth. And that can only be a good thing can't it? I mean most people start with the default position that hospital is really the only safe place for childbirth, and that women giving birth out of hospital are taking risks with their own health and that of their baby.

Far better give them access to the most up to date research, so they can make a clear-sighted decision as to what's most important for them.

"Just like you chose to deliver an 11 pound baby naturally. I'm sure you were aware of the increased risks of birth injuries to both you and baby and of the increased risk of emergencies such as shoulder dystocia. Yet, you decided to go along with it."

Yes - I'm fully for informed choice, as I'm sure you are. Smile

Incidentally, NICE guidelines on macrosomia state that planned c/s shouldn't be offered on the grounds of suspected macrosomia alone, because of the unreliability of scans. So I was never offered a c/s or advised to have one. Particularly I assume because I'd managed to safely deliver a 9 and a half pound baby vaginally prior to this birth. On the other hand the doctors would have been fine with me opting for an epidural had I gone into hospital, despite this choice sometimes causing major problems in the event of a shoulder dystocia (remember that distressing birth on OBEM? 10 lb baby, epidural, forceps, followed by shoulder dystocia... gulp)

Ushy · 02/04/2012 17:33

Shag shoulder dystocia isn't anything to do with epidurals - it is not a risk factor - in fact you get less perineal trauma if you have an epidural with a ventouse or forceps delivery

See page 2 RCOG Green top www.rcog.org.uk/files/rcog-corp/uploaded-files/GT42ShoulderDystocia2005.pdf

WhatTheHellJustHappened · 02/04/2012 18:00

@Shagmundfreud

You keep talking about informed choice and then you insist on narrating only one side of the story which essentially boiled down to this : MLU good, CLU bad. You are only interested in informing women of the dangers of intervention and not of the dangers of avoiding intervention.

You said you had two home births. You are aware that they have a threefold risk of neonatal mortality right? But you still chose them because of your individual priorities.

Thanks for mentioning it, but I'm well aware that major surgery has risks. I'm also aware that epidurals have risks. I think that's hammered into most pregnant women.

I don't give a toss about NHS advice, I'm going by the valid research I've read on possible labour complications. Based on which, I'm convinced that I'd prefer a CLU.

I am aware of the NICE guidelines on macrosomia. However, even if the scan aren't 100% accurate I personally would never take a chance to deliver a 9+ pound baby naturally. (Based on my ethnicity and pelvic size 3.5+ kgs is considered risky.)
I'm aware of the risks of a section but I'd prefer them any day over severe perineal tearing, a broken tailbone, bladder injuries and long term pelvic floor and sexual disorders.

Why you weren't offered a section isn't something I care about. Even if my medical team didn't offer me a section for a big baby, based on my research and priorities I'd ask for it. I'd rather not have a baby with a broken collar bone or nerve damage. Luckily, the new NICE guidelines would support my decision to make that choice even if you disagree.

I don't wish to turn this thread into an off topic argument about your hidden agendas, so I'll leave it here.

OP posts:
Bue · 02/04/2012 18:14

Thanks for the link Ushy. I've spent some time going over the primary outcomes. The issue I have with that article is that, on their own, each primary outcome doesn't mean anything because the numbers are too tiny. You need statistical significance to draw appropriate onclusions. Without it, you've potentially just got a whole lot of chance happenings going on.

For instance, above it says that fractured skulls were more frequent in the MLU group. But there were only two fractured skulls, both in the FMU group, and none in any of the other groups, including home. You can't make any meaningful conclusions from that.

LaVolcan · 02/04/2012 18:16

You said you had two home births. You are aware that they have a threefold risk of neonatal mortality right?

Where do you get this figure from?

Going back to the OP - she must have had very different friends to mine. I could have done with hearing more positive stories and about how to help yourself, rather than stories of if and when things went wrong.....

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