"I expect that most women in third world countries would dearly love the reassurance of the medical facilities we have available here."
Yes - and if they they were in the UK and had booked a homebirth they would have just that: proper antenatal care, fully qualified and equipped midwives at the birth, and an operating theatre and doctors within easy reach should they need emergency care.
"Also if you give birth at home you have to be attended by 2 midwives. That's 2 midwives who aren't therefore working in the delivery suite in a hospital. Which can mean that other women in labour aren't having the same level of attention".
Only one midwife is with the mother throughout most of the labour. The second midwife usually only attends for an hour or so.
NICE guidelines are that all women in active labour should have continuous one to one care from a midwife. This is optimal care and you should get it at home or in hospital. And if they can't provide it in hospital because of midwife shortages then they are putting women's and babies lives at risk. Why should we compromise our baby's safety by making understaffing and suboptimal care an easier option for health service managers than forking out for the required number of midwives?
Re: risk issues.... You are right that there are some situations in childbirth where outcomes might be worse because a mother doesn't have quick access to doctors and an operating theatre: such as cord prolapse, placental abruption or post-partum haemorrhage.
So why aren't there higher rates of neonatal and maternal deaths among the thousands and thousands of women in the UK who've had babies at home in the past 20 years? Because some babies WILL die at home who wouldn't have died had they been born in hospital.
I can only see one answer to that paradox, and that's that there are babies who will die in hospital who wouldn't have died had their mothers been at home. As far as I can see, despite (or maybe because of) all the medical care in hospital, labours are much more likely to become dysfunctional and complicated in that environment, and mothers are more likely to end up needing emergency treatment, which sadly doesn't always save the life of babies who have got into trouble during labour.
How else would YOU explain the parity of neonatal deaths between home and hospital? (remembering that the really big studies which have looked at this have only included comparisons between similar groups of LOW RISK mothers delivering at home and in hospital)
So - there is a balancing out of risk. Yes - you're more likely to end up with a healthy baby delivering in hospital should you experience a rare obstetric emergency like cord prolapse. However, you're more likely to have complications in labour and your baby is more likely to experience fetal distress if you give birth in that environment, so that in the end the risk balances out. Unless you factor in increased risk to mother and baby caused by placental problems in pregnancies following c/s, which of course are far more common among mothers labouring in hospital.