Bellisima and Fernie3 - re maternal death rates in history, I am not an expert in this area but was quoting Tina Cassidy who references a number of sources to come up with her est of 1% throughout the 19th century. This does refer only to childbirth itself, not pregnancy and post-delivery deaths.
She writes:
"The diary of the Rev Ezra Stiles, president of Yale in the late 18thc, noted that between 1760 and 1764 there were ten maternial deaths in Newport, Rhode Island, a rate of half of 1 percent....
In the 19th century [...] maternal mortality was fairly constant at about 1 per cent. While that number seems egregiously high, tuberculosis killed more women of childbearing age than birth did...
By 1932 [...] excluding deaths from ectopic pregnancy and abortions, 4.5% of [New York] women who delivered in hospitals died after what should have been a normal delivery, compared to 1.6% of those who delivered at home with a midwife."
But her stats focus mainly on America and I appreciate it's a very complicated subject and open to different methods of counting/interpretation etc.
I just wanted to make the broad point that it's not really fair to compare late 19th c/ early 20th c statistics against modern ones, as these were a historic low in maternal deaths for a number of reasons. The "natural" maternal mortality rate of healthy women is a lot lower than the 1/3 mentioned further down the thread.