It’s an interesting question OP. Here is a summary of a discussion: www.taxresearch.org.uk/Blog/2024/08/20/the-government-can-never-run-out-of-money/
Colin Howell wrote: “but printing more and more money makes that money worth less and less”
No, that is the myth perpetuated by governments who want austerity. Spending (not printing) does not need to cause inflation.
Peter L. Jørgensenet al writes: “this paper presents empirical evidence that prices do not increase in response to a positive government spending shock. Instead, the response of prices is flat or even negative” (Jørgensenet, 2022)
Forbes magazine notes: “Does government spending cause inflation? [..] The answer, roughly, is yes – and in other cases, no. [..] Studies of the historical link between government spending and inflation find that the link is tenuous. [..] In particular, one study by the St. Louis Federal Reserve (see source below) found that government spending has little to no impact on inflation. In fact, a 10% increase in government spending may lead to a 0.08% decline in inflation. [..] Others have found that government spending around the world may have minimal impacts on inflation, often in the tenths of a percentage point.” (Forbes, 2022)
In their paper, Yash Moitra and Pooja Sharma conclude: “The overarching conclusion remains that Government Spending does not cause Inflation.” (Moitram 2021)
The Gower Initiative (Gimms) recognises that: “too much of any kind of spending can create inflation, [..] A little steady inflation is seen as ‘good’ and too much or little is seen as ‘bad’. When either the government or non-government sectors of the economy spend [..] it can cause inflation – but doesn’t necessarily. This can be illustrated by a brief look at the UK economy in the 20th century.” (Gimms
Sources
“The inflation response to government spending shocks: A fiscal price puzzle?“, Peter L. Jørgensen and Søren H. Ravn, European Economic Review, Volume 141, January 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103982
“Does Government Spending Cause Inflation?“, Forbes, Aug 25, 2022. https://www.forbes.com/sites/qai/2022/08/25/does-government-spending-cause-inflation/
“Government spending does not cause inflation”, Yash Moitra and Pooja Sharma, International Journal of Economics and Research, Volume 12 Issue September – October 2021, p.30-42. <a class="break-all" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120083755/ijeronline.com/Vol12%20issue5.php" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20220120083755/ijeronline.com/Vol12%20issue5.php
“Fact Sheet: Inflation“, 2019, The Gower Initiative for Modern Money Studies (Gimms). https://gimms.org.uk/fact-sheets/inflation/