To quote the OP : " They have no right to housing so many can easily risk facing homelessness. With no national health service, access to healthcare is much more difficult and expensive, pushing people into deprivation even if they are working."
Folk in the UK do not have a right to housing. Sure, the local councils try to house folk, and it's an election issue, but we do not actually have a right to be housed. We have loads of homeless .Lots of articles online, here is an example:
A Human Right to Housing? | Oxford Law Blogs
We do have the NHS of course, they don't, but they do have stuff about emergency room treatment. ERs can't turn you away. But they will do the minimum if you can't pay.
I would say the difference is not that big, except their politics is much further to the right. Their Democrat Party is perhaps a shade to the right of our Tories, and their Republican Party are just downright strange :-)
I think the main reason the US are to the right compared to Europe and the rest of the West in general, is because of their written constitution. It was written 200 plus years ago by rich landowning men, it was written to give themselves an advantage, and it is really difficult to change.
For example, they made their Senate really powerful. There is 2 senators per state. This was designed so the rich landowners could keep the popularly elected congress in check. In many states, senators were appointed.
Very difficult to change things when so few have a stranglehold.
California has 43 million people, and 2 senators. Wyoming has 587 thousand people and 2 senators. So electorate votes for the senate are not equal. It works out a Wyoming residents vote is about 68 times more powerful than that of a California resident.
Article here about that :
Why Small States Wield Outsized Power in the U.S. Senate: 7 Key Factors - USA Heaven
So yeah, while the mix of left and right leaning people in the US could be, and probably is, about the same as Europe, the core system of the senate make it near impossible for more progressive policies to be enacted.
Add to that the electoral. Again, that was designed to give the rich landowners an advantage. And we see that when dems can get more votes in POTUS elections. but the repubs win.
And money too of course. Big big money in US politics. The SCOTUS " Citizens United" decision of 2010 made sure money in politics will make the situation worse for any left leaning Party.
Link here:
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission | Opinion, Dissent, Significance, & Influence | Britannica