Nothing is wrong with you. Even the most confident, articulate and knowledgeable person will ask the "wrong" thing or ask it at the "wrong" time in a meeting occasionally. I've also seen some very high ups get meeting etiquette "wrong" sometimes.
I'm generally happy to speak up if I know the subject amd feel like I'll be listened to but I was embarrassed in a similar way to you at a meeting once. I can't remember the details but I do remember the look my boss gave me. I think in hindsight it was mainly shock that I'd spoken up, acknowledgement that she could see what I was trying to do and solidarity that everyone else ignored me. It did shut me up for the rest of the meeting and in meetings afterwards with the same people for a long time.
It will have been forgotten very quickly. Even if everyone thought you were being a bit daft, (unlikely) I bet if you asked them today they wouldnt remember. The fact someone asked the same thing a little later shows it was a valid question.
Have you ever asked for mentoring or coaching? Is there someone you trust who could help you in meeting etiquette and confidence? Meetings are a skill and can be quite scary for a lot of people and there is lots of support about to help with them.
Unhelpfully, meetings can also vary eg in formality. The main issue I see is with people interrupting. One thing you could do in future is look at whether other people are commenting during the meeting or waiting until the end. If you don't know you could also start with "am I OK to ask a question now, or shall I wait until the end?" or "I was wondering about the finance/resource/time of this. Will you cover that in a bit?". So that you are literally asking what the chair wants you to do. Or rambling (but Im guessing that isnt you didnt).
You could even quietly have a word with them beforehand.
Dont let this put you off. You challenged yourself which is great. Build on that.
ETA- it also sounds like the chair handled this poorly. If they didnt want you to comment at that time or on that point they could have said something like "good point, we'll look at that in a few minutes" or "I'll catch up with you about that afterwards". They certainly shouldnt be giving you a bad look.