Peter Wason published the Thog Problem in 1977. In a pilot study, 0 out of 10 law students students solved it correctly - one argued for more than an hour against the correctness of Wason’s solution. 7 of 14 medical students solved it, taking an average of 6.3 minutes. One medical student solved it in his head in a minute and said, “I would not let any doctor near me who couldn’t solve that problem."
In front of you are 4 designs: black diamond, white diamond, black circle and white circle (I don't think my screenshot will reproduce but a pencil and paper will also work)
You are to assume that I have written down one of the colours (black or white) and one of the shapes (diamond or circle.) Now read the following rule carefully: “If, and only if, any of the designs includes either the colour I have written down, or the shape I have written down, but not both, then it is called a THOG”. I will tell you that the black diamond is a THOG. Classify each of the designs into one of the following categories: a) definitely is a THOG, b) insufficient information to decide, c) definitely is not a THOG.
The psychology behind it is not basic, as attested by the research on it, and there is no element of probability. Any GCSE pupil who can solve it with no help should have a bright future.
Practice based learning has been a part of the clinical years of traditionally taught medicine for fifty years, but PBL courses substitute it for basic science teaching. This seems to happen all over the world now, including Asia and America, mostly because students prefer it. However, as I think tends to happen in other subjects, students are happiest when they are not acquiring skills and knowledge.
My point about academic attainment and "soft skills" is that there is a correlation between them:
"An important link exists between adaptability and stress management skills, as well as interpersonal abilities, and academic success. Adaptability involves being able to cope with environmental demands in a flexible and realistic manner; it involves being able to find appropriate ways to deal with everyday problems (Bar-On, 1997, 2000, 2002). Stress management skills involve being able to withstand stress by being calm and work ing well under pressure (Bar-On, 1997, 2000, 2002). Interpersonal abilities involve having good social skills and being able to interact effectively with other people (Bar-On, 1997, 2000, 2002)."
"Academically successful students had higher levels of interpersonal, adaptability, and stress management abilities, as well as overall emotional intelligence."
See Parker 2005 Academic Achievement and Emotional Intelligence: Predicting the Successful Transition from High School to University https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ795801 (The findings are consistent from primary through tertiary education and beyond.)