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Share your dilemmas and get honest opinions from other Mumsnetters.

Is there cultural differences between the 4 countries of the UK?

234 replies

Lynsey953 · 20/03/2025 20:59

I often see a lot on the news about British Culture and UK culture but I know that Scotland has a different education system to England and Wales as well as higher taxes paid to the government and a lot of "free" things paid for by these taxes i.e. free prescriptions, free university tuition etc ... A lot of people in Scotland also identify as Scottish, not British. Do you think this means Scottish people have a different cultural identity than English or Welsh people?

OP posts:
Toootss · 14/05/2025 10:38

I would like to see a union of NW Europe- Norway, Uk, Denmark, Sweden, Finland.Probably not Ireland due to past differences but we would need to get the UK financially viable first .

373849595d · 14/05/2025 10:42

Yes, without the smallest doubt. I've lived in England and Scotland (as well as abroad) and I would say the cultural differences between England and Scotland are about as substantial as between either country and the other nation I've lived in.

You can see it in the way people vote (Scotland consistently votes for more left wing parties than England), the way Scotland polls on issues like immigration and environmental policies, the art and cultural events produced in each country, etc.

I have no doubt it's the same for Wales and Northern Ireland.

Reonie · 14/05/2025 10:44

Sminty2 · 20/03/2025 21:07

I feel, that the Scots, Welsh and Irish are proud of their history and culture. The English seem ashamed of theirs; the empire, etc. Could be wrong but my Gaelic relatives are proud of their heritage.

I'm Scottish, and well aware of the Scots' involvement in Empire. We do not come out of it with anything much to be proud of!

CantHoldMeDown · 14/05/2025 10:45

This reply has been withdrawn

This has been withdrawn by MNHQ at the poster's request.

sparrowflewdown · 14/05/2025 10:46

KimberleyClark · 14/05/2025 10:29

it’s not just the Welsh in this regard is it? It’s Scotland too.

I agree. It's when they live in England and you can tell they hate us! Grin I love the Welsh and the Scots!

Reonie · 14/05/2025 10:49

I think that there are some cultural differences that kind of get reinforced by a form of negativity - but there are within England, too. And within the other countries. I'm Scottish, and there's a cultural difference between Highland and Lowland Scots.

Sometimes I think part of it is what you can sell to tourists, that the population then takes up as part of its identity. Whereas the real identity is in the trades that people did/do, the opportunities they took. That's kind of what lasts and makes us proud of past generations. As a Scottish person I'm not really interested in kilts and clans, they are just Victorian stories. I am interested in how people shaped and worked the land and why they emigrated.

Seymour5 · 14/05/2025 12:08

sparrowflewdown · 14/05/2025 10:46

I agree. It's when they live in England and you can tell they hate us! Grin I love the Welsh and the Scots!

No we don't hate the English! Or not all of us. As I said earlier most of us are hybrid anyway. DH is English, and we live in England. He had a hard time as a kid though (long time ago) moving to Scotland with his southern accent.

SquashedSquid · 14/05/2025 14:57

Hortus · 14/05/2025 10:16

I'm in Wales, have lived here since I was 1 year old, and when I talk to my grandchild about school I certainly don't ask what areas of learning and experience she's studied that day, I talk about subjects and she knows perfectly well what I mean.
Of course there are more similarities than differences in the education systems, it's certainly much more similar to the English system then the education system in Scotland is.
I don't know why the Welsh government keeps changing things given that Wales consistently has the worst educational outcomes in the UK. They'd do better to do the same as the English system.
But in my opinion the Senedd mainly does things differently to make a point that it can, not because the outcome is actually better for Welsh people.
It's yet another demonstration of the huge chip on the shoulder that so many Welsh people have about England. We would do better as a nation to stop banging on about oppression that took place hundreds of years ago and move forward. It's utterly pathetic to me that, for example, in any multi country sporting competition like the world cup, euros etc, so many Welsh people are open about their support for any other country playing England, even if England is the only home nation left in the tournament.
I've had discussions with people about why they're so openly anti English and they drone on about princes and battles and oppression a thousand years ago. It's laughable, how many English people do you hear regularly talking about hating the French because of William the conqueror? It's the same thing but so many Welsh people make it their be all and end all.
This type of sentiment exists even amongst educated Welsh people which I find even more ridiculous.

Oh, dear. The English education system is an extremely awful way to teach and no, ours is absolutely nothing like it. Thank goodness.

Serpentstooth · 14/05/2025 18:49

Scotland, Wales and Ireland have all been fought over, and oppressed by, the English. So yes, many differences, and we English have finally learned it's more expedient to shut up about it these days. If you listen to Prime Ministers Question Time, the barely suppressed contempt for Scotland and Wales can come as a surprise if you're unaware of the history. Northern Ireland is currently being treated carefully due to its unique EU situation.

LlynTegid · 14/05/2025 19:04

Some of the cultural oppression of Wales and Scotland is not ancient history of hundreds of years ago.

The Welsh not (punishment for speaking Cymreag) was in existence until Victorian times and those of my family who started teaching in the 1890s were not allowed to teach in Welsh, having to do remedial English lessons for the local mining families.

The Highland Clearances in Scotland continued until at least 1855, and were not formally outlawed until 1886.

There are things in common, but many cultural differences between the four countries of the United Kingdom.

Serpentstooth · 14/05/2025 19:09

Correct, I'm amazed the Welsh language has survived. Completely discouraged well into the 1970s.

MarkingBad · 14/05/2025 19:09

Serpentstooth · 14/05/2025 18:49

Scotland, Wales and Ireland have all been fought over, and oppressed by, the English. So yes, many differences, and we English have finally learned it's more expedient to shut up about it these days. If you listen to Prime Ministers Question Time, the barely suppressed contempt for Scotland and Wales can come as a surprise if you're unaware of the history. Northern Ireland is currently being treated carefully due to its unique EU situation.

You and I didn't do any oppressing. Ancestors of the ruling classes did, people living in poverty had a choice to do the bidding of those people or starve like everyone else but they didn't make the decisions

My ancestors came from all over, most were not in positions to make big decisions, just to carry out the grunt work, even the wealthy higher born ones. Some worked on their doorstep for a pittance, some had to buy their food with tokens from the factory shop and lived in a warm bed system, some spent their lives working on the land and had to pay for any help out of their own wages, quite a lot of them died in battles or of the usual military ailments. Those people were English or lived in England, not people who made big decisions and oppressed people off their own back. I get fed up of people labelling all English as one big oppressive mass, most English were just normal people going about their day, raising their families and dying for their country in wars they didn't start in places under different stars.

Hortus · 14/05/2025 19:30

SquashedSquid · 14/05/2025 14:57

Oh, dear. The English education system is an extremely awful way to teach and no, ours is absolutely nothing like it. Thank goodness.

Well, here in Wales we have got the lowest rankings of all 4 nations in PISA tests, so something's not working.

Toootss · 14/05/2025 19:44

LlynTegid · 14/05/2025 19:04

Some of the cultural oppression of Wales and Scotland is not ancient history of hundreds of years ago.

The Welsh not (punishment for speaking Cymreag) was in existence until Victorian times and those of my family who started teaching in the 1890s were not allowed to teach in Welsh, having to do remedial English lessons for the local mining families.

The Highland Clearances in Scotland continued until at least 1855, and were not formally outlawed until 1886.

There are things in common, but many cultural differences between the four countries of the United Kingdom.

But let’s face it the ones who were ‘cleared’ or chose to clear (and there were lowland clearances too) went mostly to the US and a better life.

CantHoldMeDown · 14/05/2025 19:46

This reply has been withdrawn

This has been withdrawn by MNHQ at the poster's request.

ThatAgileCoralBird · 14/05/2025 19:53

Highland clearances were not the oppression of the Scots by the English.
Many Scottish landlords wanted to depopulate the highlands for their own gain. Yet again the poor people received the shitty end of the stick.

Whilst I do not agree with the brutal highland clearances I imagine the Highlands and Islands of Scotland would look very different today if they had not happened; perhaps not as much nature and biodiversity but better infrastructure and increased population? Who knows. As flower of Scotland says; those days are gone now and in the past they must remain.

There was an interesting article in the critic a few months ago about grooming gangs suggesting that the problem stems from the tribal areas the ethnic minority males come from which have been translated to a micro community here in the U.K. rather than their faith.
It made me ponder if the tribal Scottish clans implemented the same behaviour.
elder men implement their laws, having final say so on many everyday matters;
outwith the clan is seen as not one of us so any atrocities done are not that bad and there are not many repercussions from your clan;
waring clans can have blood feuds for generations;
within the clan any crimes committed need to be dealt with fairly and swiftly as there is strength and success in keeping a harmonious clan together.

SquashedSquid · 14/05/2025 23:07

Hortus · 14/05/2025 19:30

Well, here in Wales we have got the lowest rankings of all 4 nations in PISA tests, so something's not working.

Why do you think a single, standardised, written test is an accurate measure of attainment?

celticnations · 14/05/2025 23:08

LlynTegid · 14/05/2025 19:04

Some of the cultural oppression of Wales and Scotland is not ancient history of hundreds of years ago.

The Welsh not (punishment for speaking Cymreag) was in existence until Victorian times and those of my family who started teaching in the 1890s were not allowed to teach in Welsh, having to do remedial English lessons for the local mining families.

The Highland Clearances in Scotland continued until at least 1855, and were not formally outlawed until 1886.

There are things in common, but many cultural differences between the four countries of the United Kingdom.

And Partition in Ireland in 1921.

The arbutrary removal by Westminster of 6 Irish counties from their 26 fellow counties to make "Northern Ireland".

celticnations · 14/05/2025 23:18

One new difference: Assisted Dying.

Hortus · 15/05/2025 00:04

SquashedSquid · 14/05/2025 23:07

Why do you think a single, standardised, written test is an accurate measure of attainment?

There has to be a way of comparing performance. PISA is an international testing system. But on any public exam measures or percentage of young people going to university Wales is always behind England. You simply cannot have an education system where no comparisons are made of attainment either between students or between different areas/demographics etc.

Ellephanting · 15/05/2025 00:09

I’ve moved around England a fair bit. Cultural differences exist between counties, never mind countries.

Givesoner · 15/05/2025 01:02

JaninaDuszejko · 20/03/2025 23:03

So I'm Scottish but have lived in England for most of my adult life. There are multiple cultural differences.

  1. Language. Scots speak Gaelic or Scots.
  2. Education. In Scotland you start school later, and finish earlier. University is 4 years and St Andrews, Aberdeen, Glasgow and Edinburgh are all older than Durham. The principles behind the Curriculum for Excellence are very different to the principles behind the National Curriculum. Children sit different exams at different ages, and breadth is maintained for longer so there isn't the same two cultures you get in England between the sciences and the humanities. The Scottish private schools are not as elitist as the English private schools and there's a longer history of people bettering themselves through education and empire.
  3. Law. There is the Children's Panel system for children. There are Advocates not Barristers. There's the 'not proven' verdict. The qualifications to practice law are different.
  4. Religion. Scotland is a Presbyterian (Calvinist) protestant country. The church is not hierarchical, there are no bishops and no cathedrals.
  5. Sport. Scots play golf, shinty, curling. We don't play cricket
  6. Politics. The government is devolved in Scotland. Scotland is generally more left leaning than England. Scotland didn't want Brexit.
  7. Marriage. Gravestones have the surname women were born with. The profession of the mother of the bride and groom is included on the marriage certificates.
  8. Most importantly, the water tastes amazingand the Scots talk to everyone
  1. 1% of Scotland speaks Gaelic. 7. Is the same in England.
Givesoner · 15/05/2025 01:11

latetothefisting · 21/03/2025 01:44

Hmmm can't agree with most of this

Yes it varies by area but you could say the same about anywhere else - the culture of Tower hamlets is going to be pretty different to the culture of Oxford or Brighton.

You could break "different lifestyles and experinces" down to different neighbourhoods only streets away from each other in pontcanna vs Riverside but that wasn't what the op was asking - they were talking on a national level/ the countries as wholes and it is undisputable fact- there are NO grammar schools in the whole of Wales and, while YOU might know a number of people who went/go to private school but statistically,, in the country as a whole, that's unusual - according to This there are only 19 private schools in the whole of Wales- and those are concentrated in certain areas (mainly Monmouth and cardiff) so there are whole counties in Wales without any private schools at all. The same article says that 5 counties in Wales didn't have any children educated privately.

So instead of 7-10% of kids going to private school and another 10-15% going to grammar, 99-100% of kids in many many areas will go to the local state school regardless of their family background. That is going to have a huge impact on the way people interact and grow up.

As for the rest - that's your experience -I can only report my own and say that, despite of course understanding growing up that some families were richer/poorer than others and some parents did different jobs, I didn't have anything like the concept of defined social "class" that ALL the new English friends/acquaintances I met at uni seemed to have an inherent understanding of, and even now that I "get" it, it's not something that figures in my daily life or I ever discuss and think about - whereas the extent to which the topic is discussed on here (not to mention all the newspaper articles, books etc) on it suggests there are a lot of people in England who are still very interested in it.

Just one example -it's weird to me that riding/keeping horses is seen as a middle or upper class activity when every single person I know who rides regularly is very much not posh or well off at all, just live in the countryside!

There are no grammar schools in north east England either. This isn’t a difference between countries, it’s a difference between areas of the UK.

Gettingamixedresponse · 15/05/2025 03:24

IVFmumoftwo · 20/03/2025 23:15

You are aware that the English have Celtic ancestry too?

Yes, I think people forget the warrior queen Boudicca was Celtic. From around Norfolk I think. The Celts settled as far east as Russia and all the way down into southern Europe.

TheOriginalEmu · 15/05/2025 03:31

Of course. It would be hard not to have differences when we have different languages. Speaking another language changes more than just what you say, but your whole world view is different.
I think it’s great that we have those differences, diversity is a great thing.

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