I've been abroad for one day - often for work, but also on a day out. It is tiring, as the early flight means a very early start time. You tend to arrive long before the tourist things start (but the next flight, if there is one, may be much later and make it not worthwhile), you WILL hit a point where you want to fall in a heap for a nap, you feel you need to pack in a whole weekend of tourist things in 12-15 hours to make it worthwhile, you can't enjoy a relaxed dinner as you need to get back to the airport, and definitely can't do a show/theatre etc for the same reason, you don't have time for shopping really and it's hard to carry bags around all day....
But you can go see somewhere you might want to and don't want to spend a full weekend in, it's cheaper because you aren't paying for a hotel as well, you might have a glass of wine with dinner but because you're getting a flight you can't have a tonne of alcohol so saving on that too etc.
Personally, the day trip one was that we'd already paid for the flights for a wedding that was cancelled, so we went anyway. It was fun but exhausting.
And I do too many red eye trips for work anyway (was on the last flight last night but at least this is a few days so my red eye is not until Monday, but I have 2 full days of meetings and conferences before I get a weekend with my family (I am posted abroad at the moment and family couldn't come with me - but I've always had a lot of trips involving either late evenings to get dinner in the airport, hotel literally to have a shortened sleep, meetings all day, late night flight home with dinner in the airport again and another shortened sleep and back to office early, or occasionally having the flights not available so having to red eye over and back that night and hope my meeting notes make sense all day).