It’s tricky for English speakers, as people want to practice English with you and it takes a certain amount of assertiveness to push through and insist on using the local language.
The people who do best at this tend to be people who
a) enjoy learning stuff around them for its own sake anyway and are constantly learning from the things they see around them
b) have an independent and proud (even slightly prickly) streak in their personalities and dislike being “helped” or “looked after” - basically, the “STOP helping me, Mummy, I want to do it ALL BY MYSELF!!!”inpulse, only it’s the adult version!
People who have these traits look at the local language around them and learn from it, trying to read and understand all the signage and snatches of conversation they hear. They deliberately pickup the local language menu even when an English one is available because they want to do things properly and not feel/look like a stupid tourist. They brush aside attempts to practice English with them and just insist on using the local language, even when it feels hard.
If you don’t have these traits, it’s possible to live in an English bubble and never really get out of it. Eventually, the “habit” of grabbing English menus and drifting towards the English-speaking foreigner-handler in every social/work/lifestyle situation (in the workplace, in the station, in the restaurant, in the local government office) becomes ingrained and is hard to break. Lack of success becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy as the person increasingly starts to believe they just can’t learn. And the person is getting older all the time, which actually does make things harder and knocks their confidence further as well.