I agree with albaalba351's posts above. Also when the welfare state was set up you paid in and therefore you took out and that is the case in much of the EU - if you have paid your national insurance if you lose your job you get your higher benefits. If you never paid in you don't get much. We lost that principle by and large and those who have never done a day's work in their lives can get UC.
My doctor uncle in the 1940s got a council house because the idea was everyone could take out and everyone paid in. We have moved to the worst of all worlds- highest tax burden for 70 years and 25% of people net contributors (as I have been since I started working full time in 1983 - i have not had a single break since not even for having babies) get much less out than they did - no 1940s council house, no free university fees, no covenanting money tax free to student children as my father did, no child benefit which I got for all 5 children despite being a high earner - it was non means tested and I had a single person allowance etc etc.
We have frozen higher tax bands, we have increased taxes, we have added massive student costs many on parents' shoulders, brought in the 9% graduate tax, removed single person allowance, removed child benefit - basically sent a message to people don't work hard, don't get on and particularly to women - work does not pay so keep your pay lower.
No wonder we have a massive productivity problem. If instead we said no one has to pay hm over than £x a year in tax and if you pay the maximum you get invited to a party at HMRC or No. 10 as a reward, or if we let women put 100% of childcare against their tax things might be better.
Even just take this example - I employed my trainees until last month as my trainee solicitors. As they are my only employees I benefiedt from a no employer NI concession. Just about the only small employer not allowed to get that exemption is a woman employing a nanny so she can work full time. Yet a nanny can be cheaper than 3 babies in a nursery (we had 3 under 4 at one time and both worked full time so a daily nanny was the cheapest option).