You could debate whether any particular kinds of things are rights, or who they should belong to. Sure, why not?
Some are likely to be more interesting than others, and some would be esoteric enough that it might be difficult for that age group. But the whole idea of what a right is, what we mean when we say it is inherent, what their limits are, how they interact with other kinds of rights, yes, these can all potentially be good debate topics.
A lot of people, even adults, will talk all day about rights but if you press them, don't have two sweet clues where they supposedly come from or what counts as a right and what does not. Or what other ways of talking about justice there are outside of rights based formulations, and what their advantages or disadvantages might be.
Look at same sex marriage. There is a ton of material there that would be great for teens to think about. Why do we have legal marriage in the first place, is it ever legitimate to have social institutions that relate to reproductive role, does anyone have a right to marry as such, what kinds of restrictions would it be legitimate to put on social institutions, etc.
There are quite a few different ideas both sides of that debate could take, and they would learn a lot about why they hold their own views.
People that can't actually articulate about this stuff are in a very weak position whenever their ideas are under some kind of challenge. And being able to repeat that such and such a right exists as a mantra, no debate, is not a sign of a deep understanding of that right. That comes from having to think it through as if it is a real live question.