I was conceived with surrogacy in the 1990s so may have a different perspective to add.
On the whole, of course there are ethical considerations with surrogacy and my own case was a bit more complicated than the ideal surrogacy situation.
My (non birth) mother was unable to carry her own children due as she’d had cancer. Commercial surrogacy was illegal in Australia at the time, as well as being prohibitively expensive for most. Adoption wasn’t an option for them - Australia just doesn’t support it nearly as well as the UK due to misplaced fear of repeating historical mistakes following the stolen generations.
My parents spent hundreds of thousands of dollars on many many rounds of IVF, eventually the surrogate mother agreed to use her own eggs in combination with my fathers sperm - sort of like a planned adoption that wouldn’t be considered ethical but 1990s American private fertility clinics weren’t ethical. My surrogate mother had 5 pregnancies at this point, 3 of those were as a surrogate/gestational carrier. She was paid more than a years’ salary for each pregnancy and as far as I have been informed she provided her informed consent and attended counseling prior to each surrogacy.
My (non birth/non biological) mother describes the day of my birth as the most traumatic day of her life, she had done her best to establish a good relationship with my surrogate mother during the pregnancy, had gotten legal advice and done everything she could but at the end of the day she had no way of knowing if the surrogate would go through with the arrangement. She had to go to court to obtain legal guardianship of me and had a birth certificate issued in her and my fathers name.
My surrogate mother wanted to have a relationship with me akin to an open adoption, however as the years went on my parents were not supportive of this, I had no idea about the surrogacy until I was well into my teens and finding out that my mother wasn’t actually related to me was truly traumatizing. I have no doubt it would have been incredibly difficult for my surrogate mother not to have had the contact she would have liked with me following my birth.
I was raised by loving parents though and have had every opportunity in life - private education, travel, a huge financial head start in life. I have so much empathy for my mother’s infertility, her cancer/infertility was out of her control and I admire her determination to become a mother. I would have done the same in her position. I also am grateful that my birth mother was willing to take on the risk of carrying a child, and that she gave me to my parents despite the pain that it may have caused her, and regardless of the considerable financial compensation she received for it.
The love I have for my mother is not in any way changed by the fact she didn’t carry me or have a genetic connection to me. I don’t know if my surrogate mother would have been able to give me all the opportunities my parents did, or how things would have worked out if I she had changed her mind as my father would have then taken her to court for some level of custody. I guess what I’m trying to say is that surrogacy is so complicated, so many emotions involved and there are a lot of things that can go wrong.
It’s a really difficult decision and all I can say is that I’m happy surrogacy is an option for people, I wouldn’t be alive without it and whilst I acknowledge ethical concerns with surrogacy I think it’s easy to be adamantly against it when you’ve never felt the pain of infertility.
If you do go through with using a gestational carrier to become a parent, or if a person uses donor sperm/eggs or IVF or whatever alternative means to achieve a pregnancy I just think it’s really important to be open with the child about how they came into the world. That wasn’t as common when this technology was introduced and that is where most of the trauma stems from in my view.