It's all just different accounting treatments. In a normal, functioning economy with no perverse incentives, things you own are recorded in your personal ledger as "assets", and those assets are used to generate rents/dividends which are recorded in your personal ledger as "income". In a perfect capitalist market-based economy, all ownership of assets will tend towards optimal resource allocation, with values rising and falling as demand rises and falls, and all assets should eventually generate the same 'normal' level of income, adjusted for risk.
The thing is, our markets aren't perfect. So firstly, nobody sane rents their own house from themselves. If they did, they'd have more "income" and would be liable for more income tax. (There is actually a strong case for this - called imputed rent). Secondly, wealthy people don't actually pay for many goods/services they consume. They stay in their rich mates villas and yachts, fly in their private jets, wear custom made clothes hand made by a couture tailor which they get for free. They provide services and connections to each other for free on a reciprocal basis. None of these transactions are taxed because they are invisible. Only the plebs pay VAT, Air Passenger Duty, Income Tax etc. etc. Because being wealthy is seen as a mechanism to avoid having to make (taxable) transactions, manipulating wealth rather than engaging in normal financial transactions is actually a method for avoiding tax. That is why people see wealth taxes as an infringement - it's because they don't currently pay the income taxes/VAT etc. that the little people are already paying because they don't own the assets and means of production.
Think about it ... why do people want to own their homes? Because renting money from a bank feels different to renting housing from a landlord. And the promise at the end of it is that one day, your housing costs will be zero. (Not quite true c.f. see council tax ... but that's the general sentiment).
If we fixed some of those things, and let the consequences settle down and people got accustomed to the new ways, there should be no difference at all between taxing wealth or taxing income. Not economically, anyway. Psychologically, there's still a difference. But then ... why go to all that trouble, and why not stick with taxing income - and do it properly?