saylordotorg.github.io/text_microeconomics-theory-through-applications/s14-02-the-effects-of-a-minimum-wage.html
'Markets are based on voluntary trades. In Figure 10.6 "Labor Market with a Minimum Wage", we see that sellers (the workers who supply labor) would like to sell 50,000 hours of labor to the market at the set minimum wage—that is, 250 more people would like to have a 40-hour-a-week job when the wage increases from $4 to $5. But firms wish to purchase only 32,000 hours of labor—firms want to hire 200 fewer workers (8,000 fewer hours)'.
'Another possibility is that everyone who wants a job is able to get one, but the number of hours worked by each individual decreases'.
'Because there are 32,000 hours of work demanded and 1,250 people who want jobs, each worker would work 25.6 hours a week. In this situation, we say that there is underemployment rather than unemployment. Yet another possibility is that, after the introduction of the minimum wage, the number of people employed stays the same as before (1,000), but those individuals are allowed to work only 32 hours per week. In this case, we have both underemployment (of the previously employed) and unemployment (of the extra workers who want a job at a higher wage). In real-life situations, there may be both unemployment and underemployment'.
ZERO HOURS CONTRACTS are this economic theory in action. Employment for all but fewer hours.
'The most obvious cost of the minimum wage is this loss of surplus. But there may be other hidden costs as well. Whenever people are prevented from carrying out mutually beneficial trades, they have an incentive to try to get around these restrictions. Firms and workers may try to “cheat,” conducting hidden transactions below the minimum wage. For example, a firm might pay a worker for fewer hours than he or she actually worked. Alternatively, a firm might reduce other benefits of the job. (Zero Hours again).
Such cheating not only subverts the minimum wage law but also uses up resources because the firm and the worker must devote effort to devising ways around the law and ensuring that they do not get caught'.
The rest of the article goes on to explain price inflation mitigating the min wage.
The term real min wage has now been replaced by the term living wage.
Min wage was always a mistake,
'The hidden hand will always do its work but it may work by strangulation.”Joan Robinson.'