@Zilla1
Am loathe to post but PPs with firm opinions about energy company pricing and price caps will presumably know:
Not sure I have firm opinions, but I have been reading and gathering information, so I’ll give this a go.
Do all the UK energy retailers have upstream based in the UK that provides enough gas and electricity to meet customer demand?
I don’t think so, no.
Why did all the smaller energy retail firms go bust?
Because they had not hedged their supply sufficiently to cope when wholesale prices rose so quickly. They were supplying to some customers on fixed rates, without having bought all of that capacity ahead. Therefore they had to buy some of their energy at rapidly increasing market rates, and were then selling at a loss. They also had to keep supplying customers on the variable tariffs at the price cap rate even when wholesale rates outstripped it.
Why did the government have to run Bulb? itself instead of the remaining firms fighting to take on these profitable customers and growing this part of their business?
These customers were not profitable, they were loss-making. So other companies didn’t want to take them on, and the Government couldn’t force them to. So it had no option but to allow Bulb to continue trading and fund it in the meantime.
What happens when you make firms sell product for less than it costs them?
Once the money runs out, they become insolvent. This is defined as the inability to meet the firm’s obligations as and when they become due. How long this takes depends on how much they have in their coffers and the rate at which they are having to dip into it.
What happens when you try and over tax overseas upstream subsidiaries that are relatively sellable?
Pass.
Did the UK government subsidise energy firms direct costs during COVID when the firms made significant losses?
Dunno.