Retention and recruitment are both massive problems. Mostly because the job has become terrible for several reasons and people are hearing about it. So they either don’t sign up in the first place, or they sign up thinking it can’t be that bad and quit when they find out that actually it is.
Full disclosure: I used to teach myself. And I quit for all the reasons that have been repeated ad infinitum. Excessive workload that was so heavy it prevented me having a normal life. Then on top of that they started asking me to cover other things unpaid “for the kids, because we need those things covered but we don’t have the money to pay anyone”. Then they increased class sizes so they could reduce the number of teachers (cost cutting), the kids were squashed in without sufficient facilities and my workload increased again. Then they put an unqualified TA in the classroom next door to me and wanted me to provide her with teaching materials and supervise what she was doing - effectively teaching two classes at once, because it was cheaper than paying two qualified teachers. Then they drastically reduced SEN support (more cost cutting) and expected me to provide support on top of doing my own job. Then they asked me to adjust my lessons to use fewer resources like pens and paper and books etc because those cost money. Then they asked me to fiddle the results so things looked better on paper. I didn’t feel I could do the job properly any more under those circumstances.
That’s before you even consider stuff like lack of future prospects to progress my career and earn more (they could barely afford to keep paying me at my current level), the hassle of Ofsted, the stupid pointless paperwork, verbal and physical abuse, antisocial behaviour, and poor behaviour in general. And problem pupils were never removed, not even if they were physically mature males who threatened to rape or kill me.
I was out and about one weekend and I saw a student (fully grown male) who had threatened to wait in the car park and knife me because he hadn’t got the grade he wanted. He had already launched himself at me in the classroom and two other male students defended me and removed him from the room. So when I saw him on a Saturday in the town centre I hid from him because I was so afraid. I waited till he was gone and I ran away. And that made me realise that I didn’t want to be a teacher any more. I wanted to work somewhere where I was safe and reasonable boundaries for behaviour were implemented. Where I could do a proper job with adequate resources and normal hours, where I wasn’t asked to work for free, and I could progress over time and earn more without being made to feel like I was greedy and breaking the budget.
So I quit. I had no job to go to. I was literally so shit scared of this teenager that my husband said just quit, you don’t have to live like this, we’ll manage somehow.
This is just one story of one teacher, but thousands have similar stories of why they quit, and thousands more want to quit. The government are the only ones who can make changes but it would cost too much so they don’t bother. Honestly I think a tax increase to fund education is the only way forward, along with stricter behaviour standards and separate units to accommodate students whose behaviour makes them unsuitable for integration into a classroom environment. It will never happen though.