@bp300
I think this is a very underplayed issue. All economies have to be managed and there is a finite amount of jobs. It is clear to me having lived in a rural area in a European country that this management falls into several categories.
Keep education free and open for as long as possible (lots of Phd students)
Specialise in the detail so that courses are stretched out
Develop a philosophy of education for all to encourage as many as possible to spend their 20s in college
Generous maternity packages for those in secure jobs that encourages mums to extend their time away from work - thus allowing young graduates a chance in.
Specialist trades (like the old mason industries - so, a specialist stone cutter,etc - hence all those Churches in Europe!).
Prepare young for immigrant culture - so there are established links with international universities, businesses, sports culture etc that provide some familiarity to the young so immigration doesn't seem so alien
We have gone the other way in some of the old w/c communities (as far as I can see) where the culture is very much focused on skills for the here and now, playing up local identities and a kind of nationalism and educating children in schools to respond in that same one dimensional way.
The best example I can give is the lest school I worked in, in London that was in a formerly deprived, now gentrified area. It was flooded with up and coming professionals, wealth and a cultural gloss that made many of the older w/c staff uncomfortable. They had attended the school themselves when it was a deprived area and their idea of progress was whiteboards everywhere and lots of loud musical performances (where the children cutely sing out of tune as though they are in Annie). There was none of the structure or good practice I see in more established schools - rather an idea of what m/c education looks like. The more able quickly left as their parents could see what was going on.
So, we are still not preparing children as well as I think we could. Another thing I noticed are school camps, community camps and scouts groups etc. It is common to go away on these age centred outdoor camps in Europe and I loved them - they are great at teaching independence and practical skills and for me, opened up a whole world of opportunity. Once you step away from your immediate environment you can see who you really are, who you want to be, what is possible - everything opens up and then you realise the system is actually good at accommodating you back in (there is a structure). This, imv, is where the private schools succeed as they encourage this and the pupils realise that the space is out there for them and don't feel restricted. Just getting out of built up London into the countryside and physical space is a mental release. So, the roads that lead to success ere there but not integrated at the level most needed (there is no Duke of Edinburgh scheme for primary). In the now gentrified fairly psoh area I am from in London, there are little camps in the summer for young children, nice environmental projects, etc but the reality is the councils could have done more in the past I think, but didnt.