As far as I can make out, Ofqual applied a formula that worked a bit like a dry cleaner handing back people's clothes in a completely random way. 100 customers turn up, 100 garments are returned, job done. The fact that Jane got Mark's three piece suit and Mark got Lisa's wedding dress is just an unfortunate glitch.
It is incredible that nobody in government or Ofqual grasped that it's not enough that the results overall look like last year's. It's absolutely essential that each individual candidate gets a fair result. Not treating people like individuals is the unforgivable thing.
It's also extraordinary that nobody grasped that some degree of grade inflation this year was inevitable. In a normal year you might have a cohort of (say) 20 Maths candidates. Of those you know that if absolutely everything goes well all through the year, including the revision period, and the paper doesn't have any horrible questions, 5 should get A*, 5 A, 5 B, 2 C, 2 D, 1 E.
As I understand it, the above would be what the teacher put down as CAGs for this cohort. Now, in any previous year, on results day there would have been some surprises.
Jake, who'd done brilliantly all year, gets a U because during study leave his girlfriend dumped him, Jake fell apart and ended up not doing any of his exams. He was predicted A*.
Lana, who find Maths tough, was predicted a C, but after working her socks off all year, following a really effective revision strategy and finally 'getting' some key concepts just in time, gets an A, to everyone's amazement, including Lana's.
Alex was predicted A but succumbed to exam nerves on the day and messed up a key question. Final result is a C, which is a huge disappointment.
And so on. Now, the CAGs couldn't take things like the above into account, because the whole point is these things are unpredictable.