and just a little reminder about the Channel Islands (whilst I bang my head against a brick wall) ............
The Channel Islands (“the Islands”) consist of the Bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey. They have a combined population of approximately 165,000, and a combined GDP of approximately £6.2billion. They are located just off the coast of France, in the English Channel. They are British Crown Dependencies, with a direct allegiance to the British Crown which goes back over 800 years.
The Islands are not part of the United Kingdom, but the UK is constitutionally responsible for the Islands’ defence and for formal international representation, while Channel Islanders are British Citizens. The Islands enjoy a high degree of autonomy, including their own fiscal and judicial systems, and receive no financial subsidy from the UK or the EU. The constitutional relationship between the Crown Dependencies (the Bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey, and the Isle of Man) and the UK and the EU is different to that of the UK Overseas Territories.
The formal relationship between the Channel Islands and the EU is enshrined in Protocol 3 of the UK’s 1972 Accession Treaty and confirmed in what is now Article 355 (5) (c) of the EU Treaties. Under Protocol 3, the Islands are part of the Customs Union and are essentially within the Single Market for the purposes of trade in goods but are “third countries” (i.e. outside the EU) in all other respects. However, the Channel Islands have a close relationship with the EU in many different fields, not simply those covered by the formal relationship under Protocol 3. Both Jersey and Guernsey voluntarily implement appropriate EU legislation or apply the international standards on which they are based.