I am constantly appalled at how much food is thrown away in other people's houses
I agree. The average amount of food thrown away by the average family in the UK is £810 per year according to WRAP, which to me seems ridiculously high, even if it is a massive overestimate, which it simply has to be - that's over £15 a week.
I would be surprised if we throw away even £1 worth of food each week, the odd bit of fruit or salad that goes off before we get round to eating it. I try to buy the right amount, and put things about to go out of date in the freezer, use them up, or simply ignore the use by date. Cheese, cream, yogurt etc is fine for a couple of weeks after the date, cheese for months usually if sealed.
If that stat is anywhere near right, people must be repeatedly buying food, ignoring it and then putting it straight in the bin, which is madness. So careful buying is key, after all, it is reduce, reuse (ie use your leftovers) then recycle aka compost.
We don't have glass collection either, but we do have a communal bin in the village so we just collect it up, stick it in the car, and bin it next time we go past the bin - the facility also has recycling facilities for clothes, shoes and small electronics.
At home we have a black non recyclable bin for waste that is incinerated
A green one for paper, card and type 1, 2 or 4 plastics, and possibly aerosols although I need to check this, it has been in the past but this might have ended.
and a brown one for garden waste.
But the council does have a good website with 'how to recycle' for hundreds of different items.
The tips have bins for batteries, coffee cups and tetra packs, so I just stick these in my car and go when passing - I think I've been 3 times this year and am trying to use my reusable cup more - I've had maybe 20-30 coffee cups this year. Which is way more than my target of zero, but about a tenth of the daily coffee shop users.