OP I could have written your post word for word (just substituting DD for DS)
I did exactly the same as you once, grabbed her up out of the cot too roughly and kind of hissed 'just go to FUCKING sleep' :(
She was about 7 months old and I hadn't managed to get more than 3 hours sleep in a stretch since she'd been born (for reasons too boring to go into, DH couldn't do ANY night-time baby-care.)
She too would take about 90 mins to get back to sleep, then would wake again about 90 mins later.
I was beyond the end of my tether.
I still feel awful about that occasion but honestly, in the grand scheme of all the terrible thins we all do, wittingyl and unwittingly, as parents, it's the most teeny of blips.
And I'm an awesome mum
so I absolutetly KNOW that you're one too. Like me, you're on here posting about it so it's not like you're so detached that you don't even care. Not that it would matter if you were, frankly, as it's a one-off and you're under a lot of stress. Sleep deprivation is a recognised form of torture, you do know?
I don't have much advice - we had a few months more of hellish sleep and then I cracked and got a sleep consultant to help me with gradual withdrawal. It massively helped but I think things would just have got better on their own. I'm sure they will for you and DS too.
Give yourself a) less of a hard time and b) a pat on the back. oh and c) some nice wine.
My only advice, really, would be to get to bed as early as you possibly can yourself (I used to go to bed at 8.30pm, sod the housework for a bit and sod the social life - it'll all come back eventually) and to remember that IT WILL GET BETTER. It really will. I wouldn't lie to you, having been there.
MN was really my saviour at that time. Have you tried the sleep boards? Huge source of support and advice.
Be kind to yourself, don't beat yourself up. My DD, whom I hissed that awful thing at, is the most cuddly, affectionate child, not afraid to tell me her opinion on everything, not REMOTELY scared of me (which was what I was worried about) and just generally (Fearsome 4's aside) a well-adjusted, sweet, happy girl. You haven't broken your DS. He'll be ace.
xx